Hormonal Studies of fass, an Arabidopsis Mutant That Is Altered in Organ Elongation

Fisher, Roxanne H.; Barton, Matt; Cohen, Jerry D.; Cooke, Todd J.

doi:10.1104/pp.110.4.1109

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The dwarfing and infertility phenotypes of the rcn1 pp2aa2 line are similar to those of the fass/ton2 mutant ( Figures 7C and 7D). FASS/TON2 encodes a B0 regulatory PP2A subunit (Camilleri et al, 2002), and strong mutant alleles cause abnormal morphogenesis, cortical microtubule disorganization, and increased auxin content and ethylene production (Torres-Ruiz and Jü rgens, 1994; Traas et al, 1995;Fisher et al, 1996). However, direct comparison reveals differences between mature floral apices of rcn1 pp2aa2 and ton2 plants; plants carrying even a weak ton2 allele produce flowers showing drastically reduced development of pedicels and flowers and a dramatic failure of ovary development ( Figure 7E).…”

Section: Double Mutant Plants Show Dwarfing and Defects In Floral Devmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ton2/fass/gordo mutant exhibits abnormal morphogenesis, cortical microtubule disorganization, and increased auxin content and ethylene production (Torres-Ruiz and Jü rgens, 1994;Fisher et al, 1996;Camilleri et al, 2002). The rcn1 mutant exhibits defects in differential cell elongation responses including gravitropism, in polar auxin transport, and in abscisic acid responses (reviewed in Muday and DeLong, 2001;Kwak et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparate Roles for the Regulatory A Subunit Isoforms in Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase 2A

et al. 2004

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The heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex comprises a catalytic subunit and regulatory A and B subunits that modulate enzyme activity and mediate interactions with other proteins. We report here the results of a systematic analysis of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) regulatory A subunit gene family, which includes the ROOTS CURL IN NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID1 (RCN1), PP2AA2, and PP2AA3 genes. All three A subunit isoforms accumulate in the organs of seedlings and adult plants, suggesting extensive overlap in expression domains. We have isolated pp2aa2 and pp2aa3 mutants and found that their phenotypes are largely normal and do not resemble that of rcn1. Whereas rcn1 pp2aa2 and rcn1 pp2aa3 double mutants exhibit striking abnormalities in all stages of development, the pp2aa2 pp2aa3 double mutant shows only modest defects. Together, these data suggest that RCN1 performs a cardinal role in regulation of phosphatase activity and that PP2AA2 and PP2AA3 functions are unmasked only when RCN1 is absent.

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Section: Double Mutant Plants Show Dwarfing and Defects In Floral Devmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparate Roles for the Regulatory A Subunit Isoforms in Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase 2A

et al. 2004

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“…This localization of PIN at cross walls sheds a new light on division plane alignment, as the protein is apparently deposited in an asymmetric fashion during cell plate formation. In this context it is noteworthy that the fass/tonneau mutant showing abnormal division plane alignment (see § 4a) also exhibits abnormal auxin levels (Fisher et al 1996) and increased sensitivity to the inhibition of auxin transport (J. Traas and T. Vernoux, unpublished data).…”

Section: (Iii) Auxin and Phyllotaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

The shoot apical meristem: the dynamics of a stable structure

Traas

Vernoux

2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a group of proliferating, embryonic-type cells that generates the aerial parts of the plant. SAMs are highly organized and stable structures that can function for years or even centuries. This is in apparent contradiction to the behaviour of their constituent cells, which continuously proliferate and differentiate. To reconcile the dynamic nature of the cells with the stability of the overall system the existence of elaborate signalling networks has been proposed. This is supported by recent work suggesting that the exchange of signals between cells, rather than a rigidly predetermined genetic program, is required for the establishment and functioning of an organized meristem. Together these interactions form a stable network, set up during embryogenesis, that assures the coordination of cell behaviour throughout development. Besides meristem-specific signalling cascades such as the CLAVATA receptor kinase pathway, which controls meristem size, these interactions involve plant hormones. In particular, cytokinins and auxins are implicated in the maintenance of meristem identity and phyllotaxis, respectively.

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Section: Isolation and Genetic Characterization Of Ton 2 Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other ton 2 alleles were recovered from ethyl methanesulfonatemutagenized populations in Columbia (Col), Landsberg erecta , and Ws ecotypes; among those, mutants ton 2-5 and ton 2-12, both in the Col background, were chosen for further analysis. All ton 2 mutations segregate as single recessive Mendelian traits and are allelic to the previously described fass (Mayer et al, 1991) and gordo (Fisher et al, 1996) mutations.ton 2-5 and ton 2-13 show extreme phenotypes with a highly compressed apical-basal axis and presumably correspond to a complete loss of function, whereas ton 2-12 and ton 2-14 have milder phenotypes with less pronounced morphological alterations and better elongation ( Figures 1A to 1D). In vitro, plants reach a maximum height of ‫ف‬ 1.5 to 3 cm at maturity for strong and weak alleles, respectively.…”

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confidence: 98%

The Arabidopsis TONNEAU2 Gene Encodes a Putative Novel Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit Essential for the Control of the Cortical Cytoskeleton

et al. 2002

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In Arabidopsis ton 2 mutants, abnormalities of the cortical microtubular cytoskeleton, such as disorganization of the interphase microtubule array and lack of the preprophase band before mitosis, markedly affect cell shape and arrangement as well as overall plant morphology. We present the molecular isolation of the TON 2 gene, which is highly conserved in higher plants and has a vertebrate homolog of unknown function. It encodes a protein similar in its C-terminal part to B ؆ regulatory subunits of type 2A protein phosphatases (PP2As). We show that the TON2 protein interacts with an Arabidopsis type A subunit of PP2A in the yeast two-hybrid system and thus likely defines a novel subclass of PP2A subunits that are possibly involved in the control of cytoskeletal structures in plants. INTRODUCTIONPlants possess unique features in many aspects of development compared with animals. At the cellular level, plants are characterized by specific features such as the presence of a pecto-cellulosic cell wall, continuous cytoplasmic connections through the plasmodesmata, and the lack of cell motility during morphogenesis (Kaplan and Hagemann, 1991). Reflecting these unique characteristics, the highly dynamic cortical arrays of microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments have adopted various specialized arrangements in plants. The organization of cortical arrays is coordinated tightly with other cellular events, and the cortical cytoskeleton, plasmalemma, and cell wall operate as a continuum (Wyatt and Carpita, 1993). The cortical cytoskeleton reorganizes steadily during all stages of the plant cell life and plays a crucial role in governing the orientation of both cell division and expansion (Cyr and Palevitz, 1995). In contrast to animals, fungi, and protists, in land plants the establishment of division planes depends on (1) the positioning of the preprophase band (PPB), a transient cortical ring of MTs that precisely foretells the position of the cell division plane at the G2/prophase transition, and (2) guidance of the phragmoplast to this predetermined cortical site during cytokinesis. During interphase, arrays of parallel MTs encircle the cell at the cortex. The positioning of MTs within these cortical arrays appears to involve both MT dynamicity (nucleation, growth/shrinkage, stabilization, and severing) and translocation, but the relative roles of these events and the proteins involved are unknown.To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying MT arrangements, mutants impaired in MT functions are essential, and a number of proteins involved in MT organization or dynamics have been identified through a genetic approach (Azimzadeh et al., 2001). These include the Arabidopsis botero1 mutant (which also is allelic to the fra2 mutant) (Zhong et al., 2001), which displays incorrect orientation of interphase cortical MTs and defects in anisotropic growth in root tip cells (Bichet et al., 2001). The FRA2 gene encodes a protein with high similarity to the sea urchin p60 subunit of katanin, which is known to be involved in MT...

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Hormonal Studies of fass, an Arabidopsis Mutant That Is Altered in Organ Elongation

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Disparate Roles for the Regulatory A Subunit Isoforms in Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase 2A

Disparate Roles for the Regulatory A Subunit Isoforms in Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase 2A

The shoot apical meristem: the dynamics of a stable structure

The Arabidopsis TONNEAU2 Gene Encodes a Putative Novel Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit Essential for the Control of the Cortical Cytoskeleton

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