Hormonal Responses in Alcoholism

Campillo, Bernard

doi:10.1016/b978-012564370-2/50078-7

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, previous work from our laboratory related to an equivalent situation described for the case of other tissue like the mammary one, evidenced that only limited concentrations of acetaldehyde remain in blood after even large doses of alcohol given to the rat (Castro et al, 2008). Further, other indirect mechanisms might also be involved in the alcohol-promoted effects in the ovaries and operating at the level of the central nervous system (Campillo, 2005;Davis and Heindel, 1998;Emanuele and Emanuele, 1997). The potential relevance of the different alternatives discussed above remain to be challenged with further experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress could play a role in the ovarian tissue cell injury promoted by alcohol drinking

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is known that drinking alcohol can lead to reproductive problems in women. In this study, we analyzed the possibility that part of those effects were mediated through alterations of ovarian function related to ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde occurring in situ. Biotransformation in the rat ovary cytosolic fraction was partially inhibited by allopurinol, suggesting the participation of xanthine oxidoreductase in the process. Microsomal pathway was of enzymatic nature, requiring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH), sensitive to oxygen and significantly inhibited by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, 4-methylpyrazole and diphenyleneiodonium. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was detected by histochemistry in the ovarian tissue, in the strome surrounding the follicle while no alcohol dehydrogenase was detected. However, biochemical determination of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in rat ovarian tissue revealed the presence of some activity of both enzymes but significantly lower than those found in the liver. By repetitive exposure of animals to ethanol, the microsomal metabolism to acetaldehyde was increased but not in the case of the cytosolic fraction. In these animals, t-butylhydroperoxyde-promoted chemiluminiscence was increased in comparison to control, revealing an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress due to alcohol drinking. Ultrastructure of ovarian tissue from rats exposed chronically to alcohol revealed alterations at the level of the granulosa; theca interna and pellucida zones. In the secondary follicle, alterations consisted of marked condensation of chromatin attached to the nuclear inner membrane. Intense dilatation of the outer perinuclear space could be observed. There was a marked dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum accompanied of significant detachment of ribosomes from their membranes. Mitochondria appeared swollen. In the zona pellucida, most of the cell processes from oocyte and corona radiata cells were absent or broken totally or in part. Results suggest that in the rat ovary, metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde may play a role in alcohol effects on female reproductive function.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%