Hormonal Profiles and Estrogen Receptors in Egyptian Female Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

This study provides evidence of an association between high levels of serum E2 and T and increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Abnormalities in serum P and prolactin are probably associated with a breast cancer risk and ER may be considered as a biochemical marker for breast cancer development.

Receptor-Defined Subtypes of Breast Cancer in Indigenous Populations in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Only four studies [9],[37],[50],[72],[73] had >900 women with breast cancer, with the largest one ( n  = 3,060) also being one of the few to be based on a population-based cancer registry (an Egyptian study [72],[73]). The most common method for assessing receptor status was monoclonal assays (i.e., the quantitative enzyme immunoassay and, more often, the semi-quantitative IHC approach), but ER status was ascertained by ligand binding assays (e.g., dextran-coated charcoal [DCC] method) in some earlier studies (Tables 1 and 2) [51],[89]–[91]. FISH, CISH, or SISH to ascertain the HER2 status of specimens with an equivocal IHC score of 2+ was only performed in a few studies (Tables 1 and 2) [34],[42],[48],[55],[65],[69],[76],[78],[82],[84],[87].…”

“…A similar gradient was observed in sub-Saharan Africa; however, only three studies had <40% grade 3 tumors (Figure 6; Table 3), reflecting perhaps their late presentation. Twelve studies [7],[9],[10],[33],[34],[39],[41],[51],[65],[77],[81],[86] provided grade-specific ER+ estimates and they all consistently showed decreasing ER+ proportions with increasing grade (Figure S5). There were no notable differences in the frequency of PR+ and HER2+ tumors by grade in North Africa; the paucity of studies with <40% of grade 3 tumors in sub-Saharan Africa precluded the examination of this variable (Figures S6 and S7).…”

Association between Plasma Prolactin Concentrations and Risk of Breast Cancer among Predominately Premenopausal Women

“…Case-control studies of premenopausal breast cancer have been small and the results inconsistent (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Prolactin is influenced by stress (including surgery); hence, retrospective case-control studies, in which sample collection occurs after diagnosis, are susceptible to bias (16)(17)(18).…”

Night Shift Work and Prolactin as a Breast Cancer Risk Fac

“…Dotychczas przeprowadzono 14 badań klinicznokontrolnych, w których analizowano wydzielanie prolaktyny u osób ze zdiagnozowanym nowotworem piersi -w 7 z nich wykazano istotnie statystycznie wyższy poziom prolaktyny u kobiet chorych w porównaniu z kobietami z grupy kontrolnej (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Ograniczeniem większości analizowanych badań była niewielka liczba przypadków, a także moment pobrania materiału biologicznego -po zdiagnozowaniu choroby.…”

“…Wyniki badań epidemiologicznych wskazują na związek prolaktyny ze zwiększeniem ryzyka zachorowania na raka piersi. Spośród 14 badań klinicznokontrolnych 7 potwierdza istnienie wyższego poziomu hormonu u kobiet ze zdiagnozowanym nowotworem piersi (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Związek między prolaktyną a ryzykiem zachorowania na raka piersi potwierdzono w 4 badaniach z 9 przeprowadzonych dotychczas badań kliniczno-kontrolnych typu gniazdowego, w tym w dużych badaniach kohortowych pielęgniarek NHS oraz NHS II (29,30,32,33).…”