Hormonal exposures and the risk of uveal melanoma

Behrens, Thomas; Kærlev, Linda; Cree, Ian A.; Lutz, Jean-Michel; Afonso, Noemia; Eriksson, Mikael; Guénel, Pascal; Merletti, Franco; Morales-Suárez-Varela, María; Stengrévics, Aivars; Sabroe, Svend; Cyr, Diane; Llópis-González, Agustín; Gorini, Giuseppe; Sharkova, Galina; Hardell, Lennart; Ahrens, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/s10552-010-9591-9

Cited by 22 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While in these industries, workers may be exposed to several possible carcinogenic agents, the observed excess risks were not explained by exposure to EDC. In conclusion, taking into account our previous inconsistent findings on a possible association between hormonal factors and uveal melanoma (14,17,19), the present study does not support the hypothesis that hormonal influences are an important factor in the aetiology of these tumors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, misclassification of one or two case subjects when dealing with low prevalence may even bias estimates towards a spurious positive association. This is potentially illustrated by the contrasting findings we observed with respect to PCB: previous analyses from this study using questions from the core questionnaire found occupational PCB exposure to be a risk factor for uveal melanoma (14), while no risk was indicated when applying PCB-related questions from JSQ across two different industries (electro techniques and tire and rubber production) in the present analysis. However, one advantage of this study, with exposure estimates based on individually solicited JSQ, is the higher specificity in the assessment of job-related exposures as compared to, eg, JEM or job titles.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…fi/data_repository.php). In contrast to our previous publication, which only relied on answers given in the study's core questionnaire (14), we based exposure to PCB solely on information from the JSQ for this analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such occupations include, among others, farm workers (exposed to pesticides) (7,8), metal workers (exposed to endocrinally active heavy metals and metalworking fluids) (7)(8)(9), welders (possibly exposed to organic solvents and heavy metals) (10), medical and dental workers (potentially exposed to heavy metals and bisphenol A) (7,10), workers in the leather industry (exposure to heavy metals and solvents) (9), and workers in the chemical industry (10). Although epidemiological evidence for exposure to EDC has so far been inconsistent (11)(12)(13)(14), laboratory studies suggest that melanoma cells may be influenced by hormonal factors (15).…”

Section: Behrens Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of uveal melanoma

Behrens¹,

Lynge²,

Cree³

et al. 2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behrens Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of uveal melanoma

Behrens¹,

Lynge²,

Cree³

et al. 2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…The original study of the Indiana plant noted that PCB-exposed workers were at greater risk of skin effects, including chloracne and hyperpigmentation (Sinks et al, 1992). Several recent papers support an association of melanoma and PCB exposure: Behrens and colleagues observed an increased risk of uveal melanoma among men with occupational exposure to transformer or capacitor oils (odds ratio 2.74, 95% CI 1.07-7.02) (Behrens et al, 2010); Gallagher et al saw a doseresponse effect for melanoma risk and plasma levels of PCBs (p for trend <0.001), comparing melanoma patients and controls (Gallagher et al, 2011); and Loomis and colleagues reported increased melanoma risk among electrical utility workers exposed to PCBs (Loomis et al, 1997). A review (which included the original study of the Indiana cohort (Sinks et al, 1992)) of non-solar occupational risk factors for melanoma found increased risks for workers in the electric and electronic industry (Fortes and de Vries, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mortality among 24,865 workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in three electrical capacitor manufacturing plants: A ten-year update

Ruder

Hein

Hopf

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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The objective of this analysis was to evaluate mortality among a cohort of 24,865 capacitormanufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at plants in Indiana, Massachusetts, and New York and followed for mortality through 2008. Cumulative PCB exposure was estimated using plant-specific job-exposure matrices. External comparisons to US and state-specific populations used standardized mortality ratios, adjusted for gender, race, age and calendar year. Among long-term workers employed 3 months or longer, within-cohort comparisons used standardized rate ratios and multivariable Poisson regression modeling. Through 2008, more than one million person-years at risk and 8749 deaths were accrued. Among long-term employees, all-cause and all-cancer mortality were not elevated; of the a priori outcomes assessed only melanoma mortality was elevated. Mortality was elevated for some outcomes of a priori interest among subgroups of long-term workers: all cancer, intestinal cancer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (women); melanoma (men); melanoma and brain and nervous system cancer (Indiana plant); and melanoma and multiple myeloma (New York plant). Standardized rates of stomach and uterine cancer and multiple myeloma mortality increased with estimated cumulative PCB exposure. Poisson regression modeling showed significant associations with estimated cumulative PCB exposure for prostate and stomach cancer mortality. For other outcomes of a priori interest -rectal, liver, ovarian, breast, and thyroid cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease -neither elevated mortality nor positive associations with PCB exposure were observed. Associations between estimated cumulative PCB exposure and stomach, uterine, and prostate cancer and myeloma mortality confirmed our previous positive findings.

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Relationship Between Female Reproductive Factors and Choroidal Nevus in US Women

Qiu

Shields

2015

JAMA Ophthalmol

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IMPORTANCE Choroidal nevus is a precursor for uveal melanoma and there are no known risk factors besides white race. Female sex hormones have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between female reproductive factors and choroidal nevus in the US adult female population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional, population-based study of 2505 US women aged 40 years or older from the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The women completed the reproductive health questionnaire and underwent retinal imaging. The analysis was conducted in April 2015. EXPOSURES Age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, parity, age at first and last births, age at menopause, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, hormone therapy use, and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Choroidal nevus on retinal imaging. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 56.5 years, and the racial/ethnic distribution was 76.9% white, 10.1% African American, 8.4% Hispanic, and 4.8% other. The weighted prevalence of choroidal nevus was 4.5%. Premenopausal women who first gave birth before age 20 years had more than 4 times higher odds of choroidal nevus than those who first gave birth after age 35 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.16; 95% CI, 1.29-13.45; P = .02), and premenopausal women who gave birth to their last child before age 25 years had nearly 5 times higher odds of choroidal nevus than those who gave birth to their last child after age 35 years (OR, 4.89; 95% CI, 1.15-20.74; P = .03). These relationships were independent of total parity and years between the first and last births. The odds of choroidal nevus in postmenopausal women who were overweight and obese were 2 times higher than in postmenopausal women with normal body mass index (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.19-3.76; P = .01 for overweight and OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.13-3.25; P = .02 for obese). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The association between choroidal nevus and earlier start and end to childbearing in premenopausal women and obesity in postmenopausal women suggests that this relationship could be partially mediated via increased total lifetime unopposed estrogen. Clinicians should have an increased index of suspicion for choroidal nevus and choroidal melanoma in this population.

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Hormonal exposures and the risk of uveal melanoma

Abstract: The results of this study do not support the hypothesis of a hormonal influence in the carcinogenesis of uveal melanoma. Our finding of a potentially increased risk with PCB-containing oils requires further research.

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of uveal melanoma

Occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of uveal melanoma

Mortality among 24,865 workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in three electrical capacitor manufacturing plants: A ten-year update

Relationship Between Female Reproductive Factors and Choroidal Nevus in US Women

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