Hormonal Determinants and Disorders of Peak Bone Mass in Children<sup>1</sup>

Soyka, Leslie A.; Fairfield, Wesley P.; Klibanski, Anne

doi:10.1210/jcem.85.11.6994

Cited by 63 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…HIV and ART have both been shown to reduce bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineralization and bone turnover [11][12][13][14][15]. In the general population, it has been postulated that a reduced BMD is associated with a reduced speed of fracture healing [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture management in HIV positive individuals: a systematic review

Wijesekera

Graham

Lalloo

et al. 2016

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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Purpose: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection could potentially play an important role in the management of fractures as they have been shown to affect fracture healing and the post-operative risk of implant sepsis.Methods: A systematic review of the relevant literature was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases. Twenty-six studies were identified, critiqued and analysed accordingly. No randomised controlled trials were identified.Results: HIV positivity was not shown to influence an individual's risk of early wound infection in operatively managed closed fractures. Thank you for your kind comments on our unique systematic review. We have responded to the reviewers and made the changes suggested. Authors' response Many thanks for your comments. The suggested references however interesting, does not seem to cater to this population of interest. The suggested first article focusses on myocardial complications in those undergoing arthroplasty. The second suggested article main emphasis is on spinal trauma and does not refer to the HIV population. Thus we have decided not to go forth inserting these references and no further actions were taken. We do think that these articles are useful and may be included in a future study.Reviewer #2: This is a nice review paper suggesting the well-known fact that there is a place in HIV patients to surgical fixation of fractures.However the authors should: 1) Explain in the "Introduction" and in the "Discussion" the meaning of ART and the new development in this mode of treatment and describe the change in morbidity and mortality in HIV patients" in the last few years and the relation of this change to their findings Authors' response Many thanks for your comments. We agree that a further explanation on ART should be included to the reader. This was included in the "Introduction." Clarification on the morbidity and mortality reduction since the introduction of ART in HIV infected patients was also included. Regarding discussing the new developments in ART, this is a whole topic in itself and beyond the scope of this review. However, we are currently finalising a similar systematic review focusing on the effect of ART on bone metabolism and fracture healing which we will submit for consideration for publication in your journal soon. Authors' action Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationThe following changes have been made; The introduction of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) in 1997 altered the course and nature of patients infected with HIV by increasing the duration of asymptomatic infection and increasing life expectancy [2,3]. ART is a combination of medication given to those affected with the disease. This suppresses the viral load and improves the patient immunological status [4]. A 50% reduction in morbidity and mortality has been reported in those with a CD4 T-cell count of >500cells/mm3 and have been started on ART promptly [5,6]. However, despite near normal life expectancy, there is little evidence to...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture management in HIV positive individuals: a systematic review

Wijesekera

Graham

Lalloo

et al. 2016

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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“…By 18 years, they have reached 90% of peak bone mass. Thus, any situation that interferes with bone metabolism may limit bone accretion and peak bone mass [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased bone turnover during the third trimester of pregnancyand decreased bone mineral density after parturition in adolescentsas compared to age-matched control patients

Silva

Tortora

Farias

2005

Gynecological Endocrinology

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To evaluate the impact of pregnancy on bone, we studied bone turnover at the first (T1) and third (T3) trimester of gestation in 58 adolescents and 28 healthy adolescents who had never been pregnant. Total body (TB) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in all control patients (C) and after parturition in 28 pregnant patients (G). Paired and unpaired t tests, Mann-Whitney and Pearson correlation tests were used. Bone turnover markers were above the reference range for adult women in more than 80% of the adolescents, with no difference between C and G patients at T1. Increase in urinary N-telopeptide crosslinks of type I collagen and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, markers of bone turnover, was seen during pregnancy ( p < 0.0001). Body composition did not differ between groups, but LS BMD, percentage of expected LS BMD, LS Z-score, percentage of expected TB BMD and TB Z-score were lower in G than C patients ( p < 0.05). TB BMD was positively correlated with LS BMD (r2 = 0.52). The inverse correlations between bone markers and LS BMD suggest that the increased bone turnover during pregnancy probably explains the low bone density after parturition. The impact on future peak bone mass must be studied.

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“…HIV and its treatment have both been shown to result in a number of musculoskeletal manifestations, including a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineralisation and bone turnover, causing osteoporosis as well as osteonecrosis, particularly of the femoral head. 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 Concerns regarding potential problems with HIV-positive patients undergoing fracture fixation were first brought to light in the mid-1990s. 30 It was suggested that “early experience showed that closed fractures healed normally, the risk of sepsis during osteosynthesis was increased and most open fractures became septic”.…”

Section: The Forgotten Pandemic: Human Immunodeficiency Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%