Hormonal control of transcription in higher plants

Teissere, Marcel; Penon, Paul; Huystee, Robert B. van; Azou, Yannick; Ricard, Jacques

doi:10.1016/0005-2787(75)90274-9

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Recently, an initiation factor for RNA polymerase I was isolated from nonhistone proteins of lentil roots, and seemed to have a key role in rRNA synthesis increased by the treatment with auxin (21). Considering the decrease in amounts of two nonhistone proteins in parallel with the increase of template activity of chromatin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Template Activity and Proteins of Chromatin during Wheat Germination

Yoshida¹,

Sasaki²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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Relationships between changes in template activity and composition of chromatin during germination of wheat embyros (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated. The template activity of chromatin was determined with exogenous DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (EC 2.7.7.6) prepared from wheat embryos. It was essentially constant for 18 hours of germination, corresponding to 2.5% of that of a native calf thymus DNA. Thereafter, the activity increased 2-fold and 5-fold at 24 and 60 hours of germination, respectively.Chromatin Investigation of the incorporation of precursors for RNA into acid-insoluble materials in wheat embryos showed that syntheses of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA were activated and increased as a function of germination periods (6,7,18). Particularly, an experiment using :'2Pi as a precursor indicated that RNA synthesis in wheat embryos up to 24 hr of germination was very low, compared with that between 24 and 48 hr (6).The situation with regard to mechanisms controlling the changes in RNA synthesis during germination was hardly studied. In animals cells, chromosomal nonhistone proteins seem to have regulatory functions in transcribing specific genes (2,20), and also in plants, some factors affecting activities of RNA polymerases are found in chromosomal nonhistone proteins (21).We studied, first, changes in chromosomal nonhistone proteins and histones by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and secondly, template activities of isolated chromatin with exogenous wheat RNA polymerase II, during germination stages of wheat. The results show that the increase of template activity in parallel with the decrease of two chromosomal nonhistone proteins occurs during germination.MATERIALS AND METHODS Germination of Seeds. Wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L., var. Mukakomugi, 1974Mukakomugi, -1975 were germinated in the dark at 24 C. The seeds were sterilized with 0.1 % (w/v) Uspulun for 30 min, washed in running tap water for 30 min, and transferred to Petri dishes. After desired periods, embryos were separated by hand from endosperms. for 20 min. The sediment was dissolved in 10 ml of 50 mm (NH4)92SO in TGME, and the suspension was centrifuged at 170,000g for 60 min. The supernatant was desalted with a Sephadex G-25 column (1.9 x 45 cm) equilibrated with 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 in TGME and applied to a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column (1.9 x 40 cm). After the column was washed with 50 mM (NH4)2S04, 0.1% Triton X-100 in TGME, RNA polymerase II was eluted with a 300-ml linear (NH4)2S04 gradient (50-400 mM).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animals cells, chromosomal nonhistone proteins seem to have regulatory functions in transcribing specific genes (2,20), and also in plants, some factors affecting activities of RNA polymerases are found in chromosomal nonhistone proteins (21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes of Template Activity and Proteins of Chromatin during Wheat Germination

Yoshida¹,

Sasaki²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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“…It has been shown conclusively that auxin stimulates loosening and extension of the cell wall (7) and the transcription of DNA (18). On the other hand, there are many reports of auxin effects on enzymes.…”

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“…2,4-D stimulated the uptake of scopoletin from culture medium into the cells and the glucosylation of scopoletin to scopolin. This effect is peculiar to 2,4-D in contrast to other plant hormones.In recent years, many investigators (8,18) have helped elucidate the mechanism of hormonal regulation of plant growth and metabolism. It has been shown conclusively that auxin stimulates loosening and extension of the cell wall (7) MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Culture.…”

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Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Glucosylation of Scopoletin to Scopolin in Tobacco Tissue Culture

Hino¹,

Okazaki²,

Miura³

1982

Plant Physiol.

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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) The effects of plant hormones on the formation of scopoletin and scopolin in tobacco cell culture have been investigated (11). 2,4-D stimulated the uptake of scopoletin from culture medium into the cells and the glucosylation of scopoletin to scopolin. This effect is peculiar to 2,4-D in contrast to other plant hormones.In recent years, many investigators (8,18) have helped elucidate the mechanism of hormonal regulation of plant growth and metabolism. It has been shown conclusively that auxin stimulates loosening and extension of the cell wall (7) MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell Culture. Nicotiana tabacum L. 'Bright Yellow' T-13 habituated callus has been maintained on hormone-free modified Murashige and Skoog agar medium (10) with 3 weeks subculturing. The suspension cultures were obtained by transferring the cell clumps into the liquid medium and were precultured on a rotary shaker (100 rpm, 6 cm diameter) at 30°C for 2 weeks, and these suspension cultures were used in subsequent investigations. 2,4-D (1 pg/ml) was added at the 14th d after inoculation, and the cells were treated with 2,4-D for 1 d. The harvested cells were immediately frozen in liquid N2 and stored in a deep freezer at -20°C.Enzyme Assay. One g of fresh cell was homogenized with a Teflon homogenizer in 1 ml of 50 mm Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing 5 mm 2-mercaptoethanol. After centrifugation at 10,000g for 15 min, the supernatant was passed through a Sephadex G-25 column equilibrated with the same buffer. The effluent protein fraction was used as the enzyme preparation. The reaction mixture contained 5 p,mol of Tris-HCl, 40 nmol of scopoletin, 40 nmol of UDP-glucose, 1 ,umol of 2-mercaptoethanol and the enzyme solution, in total volume of 0.2 ml at pH 7.5. A similar mixture which had no UDP-glucose was used as the control. The mixture was incubated at 30°C for 1 h, then acidified with HCI, extracted with CHC13 three times, neutralized with NaOH, and diluted with 50 mm glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 9.0). SGTase activity was determined by a fluorometric assay offormed scopolin at 344 nm (excitation) and 424 nm (emission). One unit of enzyme is defined as the amount of enzyme which catalyzed the formation of 1 pmol of scopolin per min under standard conditions. Extraction and Quantitative Determination of Scopoletin andScopolin. Scopoletin and scopolin were extracted with 80%1o ethanol at room temperature for 18 h from fresh cells which had been destroyed by freeze-thaw treatment. The extracts and culture filtrate were diluted with 50 mm glycine-NaOH buffer (pH 9.0), and these solutions were used for the assay of fluorescence intensity of scopoletin and scopolin as described previously (12

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Polymerase I Transcription

Sáez‐Vasquez¹,

Echeverrı́a²

Regulation of Transcription in Plants

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Hormonal control of transcription in higher plants

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Changes of Template Activity and Proteins of Chromatin during Wheat Germination

Changes of Template Activity and Proteins of Chromatin during Wheat Germination

Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Glucosylation of Scopoletin to Scopolin in Tobacco Tissue Culture

Polymerase I Transcription

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