Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening

Camarero, Maria C.; Briegas, Beatriz; Corbacho, Jorge; Labrador, Juana; Gomez-Jimenez, Maria C.

doi:10.3390/plants12223832

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…From these trees (10 trees/cultivar), flowers were collected at the anthesis stage (0 days post-anthesis, DPA) and fruits were sampled at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 DPA, spanning a time from the fruit set to the time of endocarp lignification [22,[43][44][45]. In addition, after endocarp lignification, fruits of the three olive cultivars at specific developmental stages were randomly tagged, collected, and processed as previously described [46][47][48]. A total of 500 fruits from 10 olive trees per cultivar were used for each developmental stage.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Cytological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To minimize the effects related to asynchronous fruits ripening within the same tree, we picked fruits with similar pigmentation from all around the external parts of the tree canopy. Flowers at the anthesis stage and whole fruits of 'Arbequina', 'Picual', and 'Manzanilla Sevillana' olive cultivars were weighed, and the longitudinal and transverse diameters were measured at different developmental stages [22,48]. Flowers at the anthesis stage and whole fruit as well as fruit pericarp samples at different developmental stages were collected for cytological and ploidy analyses.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Cytological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in Fruit Ploidy Level and Cell Size between Small- and Large-Fruited Olive Cultivars during Fruit Ontogeny

Camarero,

Briegas,

Corbacho

et al. 2024

Plants

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Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the major oil fruit tree crops worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying olive fruit growth remain poorly understood. Here, we examine questions regarding the interaction of endoreduplication, cell division, and cell expansion with olive fruit growth in relation to the final fruit size by measuring fruit diameter, pericarp thickness, cell area, and ploidy level during fruit ontogeny in three olive cultivars with different fruit sizes. The results demonstrate that differences in the fruit size are related to the maximum growth rate between olive cultivars during early fruit growth, about 50 days post-anthesis (DPA). Differences in fruit weight between olive cultivars were found from 35 DPA, while the distinctive fruit shape became detectable from 21 DPA, even though the increase in pericarp thickness became detectable from 7 DPA in the three cultivars. During early fruit growth, intense mitotic activity appeared during the first 21 DPA in the fruit, whereas the highest cell expansion rates occurred from 28 to 42 DPA during this phase, suggesting that olive fruit cell number is determined from 28 DPA in the three cultivars. Moreover, olive fruit of the large-fruited cultivars was enlarged due to relatively higher cell division and expansion rates compared with the small-fruited cultivar. The ploidy level of olive fruit pericarp between early and late growth was different, but similar among olive cultivars, revealing that ploidy levels are not associated with cell size, in terms of different 8C levels during olive fruit growth. In the three olive cultivars, the maximum endoreduplication level (8C) occurred just before strong cell expansion during early fruit growth in fruit pericarp, whereas the cell expansion during late fruit growth occurred without preceding endoreduplication. We conclude that the basis for fruit size differences between olive cultivars is determined mainly by different cell division and expansion rates during the early fruit growth phase. These data provide new findings on the contribution of fruit ploidy and cell size to fruit size in olive and ultimately on the control of olive fruit development.

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