Hormonal and testing conditions for the induction of conditioned place preference by paced mating

Camacho, F.; García-Horsman, Patricia; Paredes, Raúl G.

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.07.007

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An important aspect of this response is that it seems to be driven by paced mating, not any mating experience, as has been demonstrated for behavioral plasticity/changes in motivated processes (e.g. conditioned place preference; Camacho et al, 2009; Frye et al, 1998; García-Horsman et al, 2008; González-Flores et al, 2004; Nyuyki et al, 2011), well as neural plasticity (Arzate et al, 2012; Corona et al, 2011; Holder and Mong, 2010), involving endogenous opioids and oxytocin. It may be that PXR is necessary for behavioral-induced 3α,5α-THP biosynthesis in reward and limbic pathways mediating the behaviors assessed, as well as effects on neural plasticity, which may serve to facilitate consolidation about mating experience or challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Involvement of pregnane xenobiotic receptor in mating-induced allopregnanolone formation in the midbrain and hippocampus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus among female rats

2014

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Rationale Given that the pregnane neurosteroid, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP), is increased following behavioral challenges (e.g. mating), and that there is behavioral-induced biosynthesis of 3α,5α-THP in midbrain and mesocorticolimbic structures, 3α,5α-THP likely has a role in homeostasis and motivated, reproduction and reproduction-related behaviors (e.g. affect, affiliation). The role of pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR), involved in cholesterol metabolism, for these effects is of continued interest. Objectives We hypothesized that there would be differences in brain levels of 3α,5α-THP following varied behavioral experiences, an effect abrogated by knockdown of PXR in the midbrain. Methods Proestrous rats were infused with PXR antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) or vehicle to the VTA before different behavioral manipulations and assessments. Endpoints were expression levels of PXR in the midbrain, 3α,5α-THP and ovarian steroids (estradiol, progesterone, dihydroprogesterone) in the midbrain, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex and plasma. Results Across experiments, knocking down PXR reduced PXR expression and 3α,5α-THP levels in the midbrain and hippocampus. There were differences in terms of the behavioral manipulations, such that paced mating had the most robust effects to increase 3α,5α-THP levels and reduce open field exploration and social interaction. An additional question that was addressed is whether brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a downstream factor for regulating effects of behavioral-induced 3α,5α-THP biosynthesis. Rats infused with PXR AS-ODNs had lower levels of BDNF in the hippocampus. Conclusion Thus, PXR may be a regulator of mating-induced 3α,5α-THP formation and behavioral changes and neural plasticity, such as BDNF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Involvement of pregnane xenobiotic receptor in mating-induced allopregnanolone formation in the midbrain and hippocampus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus among female rats

2014

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“…We have focused on using lordosis as a bioassay to understand progestogens' mechanisms and effects in the central nervous system; albeit, other models support a role of progestogens for motivated, and cognitive processes. One example is mating-induced conditioned placed preference, where females will change their initial preference to spend time in a context associated with mating (González-Flores et al, 2004; Camacho et al, 2009; Arzate et al, 2011). Beneficial effects of progesterone or 3α,5α-THP administration to ovariectomized rats or mice has been described for spatial and object recognition memory tasks (Sandstrom and Williams, 2001; Tanabe et al, 2004; Walf et al, 2006; Frye et al, 2007, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pregnane xenobiotic receptor, a prominent liver factor, has actions in the midbrain for neurosteroid synthesis and behavioral/neural plasticity of female rats

Frye

Koonce

Walf

2014

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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A novel factor of interest for growth/plasticity in the brain is pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR). PXR is a liver factor known for its role in xenobiotic clearance and cholesterol metabolism. It is expressed in the brain, suggesting a potential role for plasticity, particularly involving cholesterol-based steroids and neurosteroids. Mating induces synthesis of neurosteroids in the midbrain Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) of female rodents, as well as other “plastic” regions of the brain, including the hippocampus, that may be involved in the consolidation of the mating experience. Reducing PXR in the VTA attenuates mating-induced biosynthesis of the neurosteroid, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP). The 18 kDA translocator protein (TSPO) is one rate-limiting factor for 3α,5α-THP neurosteroidogenesis. The hypothesis tested was that PXR is an upstream factor of TSPO for neurosteroidogenesis of 3α,5α-THP in the VTA for lordosis, independent of peripheral glands. First, proestrous rats were administered a TSPO blocker (PK11195) and/or 3α,5α-THP following infusions of PXR antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) or vehicle to the VTA. Inhibiting TSPO with PK11195 reduced 3α,5α-THP levels in the midbrain and lordosis, an effect that could be reversed with 3α,5α-THP administration, but not AS-ODN+3α,5α-THP. Second, proestrous, ovariectomized (OVX), or ovariectomized/adrenalectomized (OVX/ADX) rats were infused with a TSPO enhancer (FGIN 1-27) subsequent to AS-ODNs or vehicle to the VTA. PXR AS-ODNs blocked actions of FGIN 1–27 for lordosis and 3α,5α-THP levels among proestrous > OVX > OVX/ADX rats. Thus, PXR may be upstream of TSPO, involved in neurosteroidogenesis of 3α,5α-THP in the brain for plasticity. This novel finding of a liver factor involved in behavioral/neural plasticity substantiates future studies investigating factors known for their prominent actions in the peripheral organs, such as the liver, for modulating brain function and its augmentation.

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“…In addition to drug rewards, CPP is produced by conditioning with non‐drug rewards, such as food, sex and social interactions (Camacho et al ., ; Rubinow et al ., ; Yates et al ., ). Although AMPH produces a more robust CPP than the CPP induced by non‐drug rewards, a context paired with social interaction eliminated AMPH CPP (Yates et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of context‐drug learning on synaptic connectivity in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in rats

Rademacher

Mendoza-Elias

Meredith

2014

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Context-drug learning produces structural and functional synaptic changes in the circuitry of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). However, how the synaptic changes translated to the neuronal targets was not established. Thus, in the present study, immunohistochemistry with a cell specific marker and the stereological quantification of synapses was used to determine if context-drug learning increases the number of excitatory and inhibitory/modulatory synapses contacting the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons and/or the pyramidal neurons in the BLA circuitry. Amphetamine conditioned place preference (AMPH CPP) increased the number of asymmetric (excitatory) synapses contacting the spines and dendrites of pyramidal neurons and the number of multisynaptic boutons contacting pyramidal neurons and GABA interneurons. Context-drug learning increased asymmetric (excitatory) synapses onto dendrites of GABA interneurons and increased symmetric (inhibitory or modulatory) synapses onto dendrites but not perikarya of these same interneurons. The formation of context-drug associations alters the synaptic connectivity in the BLA circuitry, findings that have important implications for drug-seeking behavior.

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Hormonal and testing conditions for the induction of conditioned place preference by paced mating

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Involvement of pregnane xenobiotic receptor in mating-induced allopregnanolone formation in the midbrain and hippocampus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus among female rats

Involvement of pregnane xenobiotic receptor in mating-induced allopregnanolone formation in the midbrain and hippocampus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus among female rats

The pregnane xenobiotic receptor, a prominent liver factor, has actions in the midbrain for neurosteroid synthesis and behavioral/neural plasticity of female rats

Effects of context‐drug learning on synaptic connectivity in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in rats

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