Hormonal and metabolic responses to repeated cycling sprints under different hypoxic conditions

Hypoxic training increases maximal oxygen consumption in Thoroughbred horses well-trained in normoxia

“…Hypoxic training is effective for improving athletic performance of not only endurance athletes but also athletes in comparatively short-duration sports [4, 7, 9, 10, 18]. It has been thought that one of the reasons why hypoxic training improves athletic performance is that it induces hypoxemia because arterial O 2 tension is decreased as the fraction of inspired O 2 is decreased.…”

Mechanical Alterations to Repeated Treadmill Sprints in Normobaric Hypoxia

“…Previous studies, mainly completed on a cycle ergometer and involving athletes of various training backgrounds, have consistently indicated that normobaric hypoxia (FiO 2 ranging from 14% to 16%) does not influence single sprint performance but induces earlier and larger decrement in repeated sprint performance compared with sea level (SL) conditions (2)(3)(4)19). It is generally accepted that sprints repetition in hypoxia versus normoxia elevates HR (5), minute ventilation (5), O 2 debt (2,5), muscle deoxygenation level (3)(4)(5), and growth hormone response (28) and lowers surface electromyogram of active musculature (4,5). The more recent studies addressing the effects of hypoxia on RSA have specifically tested team sport athletes on nonmotorized treadmills, which favorably increase the validity of their findings.…”

High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia: Is Increased Reliance on Anaerobic Metabolism Important?

“…Therefore, subsequent efforts are performed under progressively more challenging circumstances, with less energy contribution from PCr stores. This also rationalizes why performing a single set of repeat sprint exercise is relatively unaffected by hypoxic conditions (Goods et al, 2014), whereas impaired performance is observed across multiple sets (Balsom et al, 1994; Billaut et al, 2013; Kon et al, 2015; Morrison et al, 2015). …”