Hormonal and Cell Signaling Pathways in Genital Development

Grishina, Irina

doi:10.4172/2161-1017.1000e109

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Genes associated with the apoptotic process, response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and inflammatory response were upregulated in microglia of female mice, suggesting that microglia are in a more immune-activated state in females. At E14.5, close to the induction of sexual differentiation (46), only 19 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were regulated in microglia of embryos from GF mice compared to the SPF controls. The microbiota dependent effects became more pronounced at a later time point (E18.5), where microglia from both sexes showed downregulation of microglial differentiation and inflammatory responses-associated genes (e.g., Aoah, Ly86, and Cd28).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Modulates Prenatal and Adult Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiota–microglia axis in central nervous system disorders

Mossad

Erny

2020

Brain Pathology

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The innate immune system in the central nervous system (CNS) is mainly represented by specialized tissue‐resident macrophages, called microglia. In the past years, various species‐, host‐ and tissue‐specific as well as environmental factors were recognized that essentially affect microglial properties and functions in the healthy and diseased brain. Host microbiota are mostly residing in the gut and contribute to microglial activation states, for example, via short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. Thereby, the gut microorganisms are deemed to influence numerous CNS diseases mediated by microglia. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the interaction between the host microbiota and the CNS in health and disease, where we specifically highlight the resident gut microbiota as a crucial environmental factor for microglial function as what we coin “the microbiota‐microglia axis.”

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Section: Gut Microbiota Modulates Prenatal and Adult Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%