Hormesis in plants: Physiological and biochemical responses

Jalal, Arshad; Oliveira, José Carlos de; Ribeiro, Janaína Santos; Fernandes, Guilherme Carlos; Mariano, Giovana Guerra; Trindade, Vanessa Dias Rezende; Reis, André Rodrigues dos

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111225

Cited by 149 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Additionally, some herbicides, like glyphosate, 2,4-D and paraquat, at low dose, exert a hormetic response. When ROS are produced, H 2 O 2 acts as a signaling molecule that promotes cell walls malleability, allowing for inward water transport causing cell expansion [131,132].…”

Section: Hormesis Effects In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Can Be More: The Hormesis Theory of Stress Adaptation in the Global Biosphere and Its Implications

Schirrmacher¹

2021

Biomedicines

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A dose-response relationship to stressors, according to the hormesis theory, is characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. It is non-linear with a low-dose optimum. Stress responses by cells lead to adapted vitality and fitness. Physical stress can be exerted through heat, radiation, or physical exercise. Chemical stressors include reactive species from oxygen (ROS), nitrogen (RNS), and carbon (RCS), carcinogens, elements, such as lithium (Li) and silicon (Si), and metals, such as silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). Anthropogenic chemicals are agrochemicals (phytotoxins, herbicides), industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Biochemical stress can be exerted through toxins, medical drugs (e.g., cytostatics, psychopharmaceuticals, non-steroidal inhibitors of inflammation), and through fasting (dietary restriction). Key-lock interactions between enzymes and substrates, antigens and antibodies, antigen-presenting cells, and cognate T cells are the basics of biology, biochemistry, and immunology. Their rules do not obey linear dose-response relationships. The review provides examples of biologic stressors: oncolytic viruses (e.g., immuno-virotherapy of cancer) and hormones (e.g., melatonin, stress hormones). Molecular mechanisms of cellular stress adaptation involve the protein quality control system (PQS) and homeostasis of proteasome, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Important components are transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2), micro-RNAs, heat shock proteins, ionic calcium, and enzymes (e.g., glutathion redox enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, and DNA repair enzymes). Cellular growth control, intercellular communication, and resistance to stress from microbial infections involve growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and their respective receptors. The effects of hormesis during evolution are multifarious: cell protection and survival, evolutionary flexibility, and epigenetic memory. According to the hormesis theory, this is true for the entire biosphere, e.g., archaia, bacteria, fungi, plants, and the animal kingdoms.

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Section: Hormesis Effects In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Can Be More: The Hormesis Theory of Stress Adaptation in the Global Biosphere and Its Implications

Schirrmacher¹

2021

Biomedicines

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“…With the prolongation of the time after application, 15 DAT with pyrazosulfuron-methyl ≥30 g ai ha −1 , photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters did not recover significantly, indicating that pyrazosulfuronmethyl caused photoinhibition and photodamage to PSII in foxtail millet seedlings. Under adverse stress (herbicide), the accumulation of ROS in plant cells results in membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA formation (Jalal et al, 2020). The MDA content can reflect the degree of damage to the plant cell membrane and ROS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pyrazosulfuron-Methyl on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Systems of Foxtail Millet

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Foxtail millet (Setaria Italica L.) plays a principal role in food security in Africa and Asia, but it is sensitive to a variety of herbicides. This study was performed to clarify whether pyrazosulfuron-methyl can be used in foxtail millet fields and the effect of pyrazosulfuron-methyl on the photosynthetic performance of foxtail millet. Two foxtail millet varieties (Jingu 21 and Zhangzagu 10) were subjected to five doses (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 g ai ha−1) of pyrazosulfuron-methyl in pot and field experiments. The plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, photosynthetic pigment contents, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antioxidant contents at 7 and 15 days after pyrazosulfuron-methyl application, and the yield of foxtail millet were measured. The results suggested that pyrazosulfuron-methyl inhibited the growth of foxtail millet and reduced the photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic system II activity. Similarly, pyrazosulfuron-methyl decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant contents. These results also indicated that the toxicity of pyrazosulfuron-methyl to foxtail millet was decreased gradually with the extension of time after application; however, the foxtail millet yield was still significantly reduced. Therefore, pyrazosulfuron-methyl is not recommended for application in foxtail millet fields.

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“…and characterized by opposite effects exerted by low and high doses of the same substance 1 – 3 . It is assumed that hormesis is an adaptive response to stress, possibly triggered by an initial disruption of homeostasis by low levels of biotic or abiotic stressors, often followed by a process of overcompensation aimed at re-establishing the previous status 1 and at protecting the organism through the stimulation of cellular defence mechanisms 4 , 5 . However, behind this mechanistic interpretation there are complex reactions that still need validation 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence of hormesis has been widely reported in the medical field 10 – 12 and plant sciences 13 . Different physical or chemical agents have been shown to cause hormesis in plants, such as organic compounds (e.g., weedkillers, formaldehyde), biological molecules (e.g., polyphenols), physical stressors (e.g., temperature, radiations) and metals 5 , 14 – 19 . Furthermore, it was hypothesised a practical application of hormesis in agriculture, e.g., by making plants more resistant to adverse conditions (such as soil pollution and drought) while improving their productivity 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different physical or chemical agents have been shown to cause hormesis in plants, such as organic compounds (e.g., weedkillers, formaldehyde), biological molecules (e.g., polyphenols), physical stressors (e.g., temperature, radiations) and metals 5 , 14 – 19 . Furthermore, it was hypothesised a practical application of hormesis in agriculture, e.g., by making plants more resistant to adverse conditions (such as soil pollution and drought) while improving their productivity 5 . For instance herbicides applied at very low concentrations, may increase plant growth 20 and seed yield 21 , regulate the production of auxins, improve cation transport in the rhizosphere 22 and stimulate CO 2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance and electron transport 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of hormesis in plants by urban trace metal pollution

Salinitro

Mattarello

Guardigli

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Hormesis is a dose–response phenomenon observed in numerous living organisms, caused by low levels of a large number of stressors, among which metal ions. In cities, metal levels are usually below toxicity limits for most plant species, however, it is of primary importance to understand whether urban metal pollution can threaten plant survival, or, conversely, be beneficial by triggering hormesis. The effects of Cd, Cr and Pb urban concentrations were tested in hydroponics on three annual plants, Cardamine hirsuta L., Poa annua L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill., commonly growing in cities. Results highlighted for the first time that average urban trace metal concentrations do not hinder plant growth but cause instead hormesis, leading to a considerable increase in plant performance (e.g., two to five-fold higher shoot biomass with Cd and Cr). The present findings, show that city habitats are more suitable for plants than previously assumed, and that what is generally considered to be detrimental to plants, such as trace metals, could instead be exactly the plus factor allowing urban plants to thrive.

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Hormesis in plants: Physiological and biochemical responses

Cited by 149 publications

References 161 publications

Less Can Be More: The Hormesis Theory of Stress Adaptation in the Global Biosphere and Its Implications

Less Can Be More: The Hormesis Theory of Stress Adaptation in the Global Biosphere and Its Implications

Effect of Pyrazosulfuron-Methyl on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Systems of Foxtail Millet

Induction of hormesis in plants by urban trace metal pollution

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