Horizontal transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle in an experimental setting: Calves can transmit the infection to other calves

Roermund, H.J.W. van; Bakker, Douwe; Willemsen, P.T.J.; Jong, M.C.M. de

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.016

Cited by 92 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The influence of other stress factors such as nutrition or lactation, are described by Windsor and Whittington (2009). Stress factors can contribute to the weakening of cell-mediated immunity, which can lead to shedding of MAP in faeces (van Roermund et al, 2007;Windsor and Whittington, 2009). A combination of stress factors, infective dose of agents and immunological state of an individual animal then determine if exposure leads to infection, regression, recovery or disease .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, as naturally infected calves are shedding MAP intermittently and in low amounts (under detection limit), early diagnosis is difficult (Antognoli et al, 2007). Van Roermund et al (2007) suggested a "pattern" for the shedding of MAP by infected calves. According to the study, a peak occurs shortly after MAP intake or infection, than it declines to zero for a relatively long time before increasing again.…”

Section: Culture Examination Of Faecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

Hasoňová¹,

Trcka²,

Babák³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The objectives of this study were to investigate Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) distribution in various tissues, in faeces and in milk samples from 131 animals originating from one imported Jersey cattle herd from Denmark. MAP was detected by culture in 37.4% animals. Massive MAP growth was most often observed in the small intestines (48 animals). The lowest levels of MAP were found in spleen and mammary gland samples. MAP was detected in the faeces of 8.4% animals; however, milk samples were MAP negative by culture. The highest prevalence of MAP infection (42.9%) was in age Group B (1.6 to 3 years) and the lowest (6.1%) in group D (more than 8 years). Seven positive calves were detected in the youngest age group; one of them was less than one month of age, which could imply an intrauterine infection. MAP shedding in faeces by a five-month-old calf was also confirmed. The IS900 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) type B-C1 was identified in all animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Culture Examination Of Faecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

Hasoňová¹,

Trcka²,

Babák³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…In contrast to low-shedding adult animals which have only intermittent contact with young animals, young shedders are intensively mixing with susceptible young animals on most commercial dairies or in heifer-growing facilities [45]. If they are shedding at levels equivalent to low-shedding adults as found in experimentally exposed young animals [41], young calves can potentially contribute more to transmission dynamics than low-shedding adults. In addition to the high rate of contact with other young susceptible calves, our results show an inverse relationship between age at exposure and both duration and likelihood of early shedding.…”

Section: Application Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in experimentally infected calves and cows

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYA meta-analysis was performed using all published and one unpublished long-term infection-challenge experiments to quantify the age- and dose-dependence of early and late shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle. There were 194 animals from 17 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 173 received a known dose of MAP and 21 were exposed naturally. Results from parametric time-to-event models indicated that challenging older calves or using multiple-exposure experimental systems resulted in a smaller proportion and shorter duration of early shedding as well as slower transition to late shedding from latent compartments. Calves exposed naturally showed variable infection progression rates, not dissimilar to other infection routes. The log-normal distribution was most appropriate for modelling infection-progression events. The infection pattern revealed by the modelling allowed better understanding of low-grade endemicity of MAP in cattle, and the parameter estimates are the basis for future transmission dynamics modelling.

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“…Other authors report access of calves less than 6 months of age to adult cows as being a major risk factor for JD transmission [33,34]. As summarized by Mitchell et al [27] calves infected at <3 months of age were able to shed MAP beginning one month after the exposure, posing the risk of calf-to-calf transmission in group housing situations [35]. Furthermore, the source of colostrum and milk has been associated with JD transmission.…”

Section: Etiology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For JD control, it is recommended to isolate calves from each other until 30 days of age [32]. Mitchell et al [27] showed that most MAP infected calves enter an early shedding period in which they can transmit the bacteria to other calves [35]. Group housing replacement heifers might therefore increase the risk for JD transmission on organic and conventional dairy farms.…”

Section: Calving and Dairy Heifer Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Practices and Their Potential Influence on Johne’s Disease Transmission on Canadian Organic Dairy Farms—A Conceptual Analysis

et al. 2014

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Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic, production-limiting disease of ruminants. Control programs aiming to minimize the effects of the disease on the dairy industry have been launched in many countries, including Canada. Those programs commonly focus on strict hygiene and management improvement, often combined with various testing methods. Concurrently, organic dairy farming has been increasing in popularity. Because organic farming promotes traditional management practices, it has been proposed that organic dairy production regulations might interfere with implementation of JD control strategies. However, it is currently unclear how organic farming would change the risk for JD control. This review presents a brief introduction to organic dairy farming in Canada, JD, and the Canadian JD control programs. Subsequently, organic practices are described and hypotheses of their effects on JD transmission are developed. Empirical research is needed, not only to OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2014, 6 8238 provide scientific evidence for organic producers, but also for smaller conventional farms employing organic-like management practices.

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Horizontal transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle in an experimental setting: Calves can transmit the infection to other calves

Cited by 92 publications

References 5 publications

Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

A meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in experimentally infected calves and cows

Management Practices and Their Potential Influence on Johne’s Disease Transmission on Canadian Organic Dairy Farms—A Conceptual Analysis

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