Horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus under natural conditions in a feline leukemia cluster household

Essex, M.; Cotter, Susan M.; Sliski, Ann; Hardy, William; Stephenson, John; Aaronson, Stuart A.; Jarrett, Oswald

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910190113

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…One such example is feline leukemia among virusnegative cats. All leukemic cats have FOCMA, a tumor-specific membrane antigen apparently coded for by feline leukemia virus and feline sarcoma virus (25), yet a sizable proportion of these cats are virus negative (26) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrovirus sequences in a leukemic gibbon and its contact: evidence for partial provirus in the nonleukemic gibbon.

Wong‐Staal¹,

Reitz²,

Gallo³

1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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ABSTRACr Integrated viral DNA sequences were detected in tissues from two gibbon apes, a leukemic gibbon (60-1) from whose leukocytes a distinct strain of gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLVH) was isolated, and gibbon 604, a contact of 6G-1 from the same colony that had uremia and cachexia of unknown origin. Although 6G4 had no detectable neoplasia or viral proteins, its serum contained persistent antibody against GaLV antigens. Whereas DNA from most of the tissues of 60-1 contained GaLV provirus, DNA from only three tissues (kidney, spleen, and liver) from 604 showed detectable viral sequences, and the extent of hybridization in each case was lower than with 6G-1. After cleavage with BamHI, two virus-specific DNA fragments were detected in tissues of 60-1. Only one of these fragments was detected in the positive tissues of 6G4. The results indicate that: (i) 6G4 was exposed to and infected by GaLV; (ii) early target sites for infection of gibbon by GaLV may be limited to a few tissues; and (iii) infection can be contained by integration of only partial provirus in a few tissues.We recently reported the isolation of a type C virus from a gibbon with spontaneous malignant lymphoma and leukemia (1). This virus, designated GaLVH, is in the same family that contains other gibbon ape leukemia virus isolates (2-5) and the simian sarcoma virus (SSV) and simian sarcoma-associated virus (SSAV) isolated from a fibrosarcoma of a pet woolly monkey (6, 7). Although closely related, the members of this group including GaLVH may be distinguished from each other by analysis of their RNA (8) or of the gp70 envelope protein (9). Proviral DNA and viral RNA and proteins were detected in most tissues of the leukemic gibbon (6G-1), and virus was recovered from all tissues, including tissues of the oral cavity (1). In addition to leukemic gibbon 6G-1, at least four of the eight animals of this colony were also exposed to GaLVH as indicated by the detection of serum antibodies (9, 10) even though none was viremic. For unknown reasons, one of the antibody-positive, nonleukemic, nonviremic animals, designated 6G-4, developed renal failure, became emaciated, and died. This provided an opportunity for search for proviral sequences in DNA from various tissues of this gibbon and to compare these sequences to those of 6G-1, the leukemic, viremic animal.Here we report results of molecular hybridization experiments showing that proviral sequences were present in 6G-4 but only in DNA extracted from liver, kidney, and spleen, and the plateau hybridization values were much lower than those obtained with DNA from 6G-1. Using restriction enzyme cleavage of cellular DNA followed by hybridization of the fragments to 125I-labeled viral RNA, we confirmed and extended our previous finding of proviral DNA in tissues from 6G-1. Two viral fragments were detected after cleavage with BamHI. More interestingly, DNA from the positive tissues of 6G-4 was shown to contain only one of these viral fragments, indicating that only part of the GaLV provirus is integrated ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrovirus sequences in a leukemic gibbon and its contact: evidence for partial provirus in the nonleukemic gibbon.

Wong‐Staal¹,

Reitz²,

Gallo³

1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A close and intimate contact between healthy and infected cats is sufficient to disperse the virus within a population or household (Essex et al 1977). The results of our work show, that there may be another, from close cat to cat contact independent transmission of feline leukemia virus by the cat flea C. felis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)

et al. 2003

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“…A close and intimate contact between healthy and infected cats is sufficient to disperse the virus within a population or household (Essex et al 1977). The results of our work show that there may be another (independent of close cat to cat contact) transmission of FeLV by the cat flea C. felis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Evidence of horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus by the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)

et al. 2003

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The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a naturally occurring and widespread retrovirus among domestic cats. The virus is mainly transmitted horizontally through saliva, blood and other body fluids by close contact between cats. Vectors other than cats, e.g. blood-sucking parasites, have not been reported. This study tested the vector potential of the cat flea ( Ctenocephalides felis) for FeLV. In a first feeding, fleas were fed for 24 h with blood from a FeLV-infected cat with persistent viremia. FeLV could be detected in the fleas, as well as in their feces. Fleas were then divided in two populations and fed in a second feeding for 5 h or 24 h with non-infected non-viremic blood. FeLV was again detected in the fleas and their feces. In addition, the two resulting blood samples of the second feeding were subsequently tested for FeLV and both samples were positive for FeLV RNA. The cat flea transmitted the FeLV from one blood sample to another. In a third feeding, the same populations of fleas were fed again with non-infected blood for 5 h or 24 h. This time FeLV was not detected in the fleas, or in the feces or blood samples. Results show that cat fleas are potential vectors for FeLV RNA in vitro and probably also in vivo.

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Horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus under natural conditions in a feline leukemia cluster household

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Retrovirus sequences in a leukemic gibbon and its contact: evidence for partial provirus in the nonleukemic gibbon.

Retrovirus sequences in a leukemic gibbon and its contact: evidence for partial provirus in the nonleukemic gibbon.

The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)

Evidence of horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus by the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)

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