Horizontal transmission of disseminated neoplasia in the widespread clam Limecola balthica from the Southern Baltic Sea

Michnowska, Alicja; Hart, Samuel F.M.; Smolarz, Katarzyna; Hallmann, Anna; Metzger, Michael J.

doi:10.22541/au.164396011.10415595/v1

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…As the occurrence of BTN in M. balthica population studied here was confirmed [16], we present the first data describing the physiology and biochemistry of BTN contrasted with those measured in healthy clams. Selected markers included glycolytic capacity, ROS production, FAA levels and enzymatic activity.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Indeed, published data on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (mtCOI) sequences and nuclear elongation factor 1α (EF1α) highlighted unique and divergent genotype of neoplastic cells and confirmed high similarity between DN cases obtained from different M. balthica clams. Thus, the contagious nature of the disease and the occurrence of BTN in M. balthica inhabiting the Gulf of Gdańsk were confirmed [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…M. balthica was collected onboard of R/V Oceanograf using a benthic sledge in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea, Poland) at a sampling location (18°50.5'E 54°36.2'N) where BTN has recently been confirmed to occur in the clams' inhabiting the area [16]. Thus, despite the fact that in this work we used physiological diagnostic tools to distinguish between DN and healthy clams, DN occurring in studied here clam population was proven to have a transmissible origin, and will be further called DN-BTN or BTN.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, various molecular analysis revealed that some DN's have been identified as transmissible cancers in several bivalve species thus this type of a disease is called bivalves transmissible neoplasia (BTN). Although ten BTN lineages have been described to date [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], much investigation is still needed to know how many and which DN have a transmissible origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: Wadden Sea [17], Finnish Baltic coast [18] and the most comprehensive set of research concern Southern Baltic populations from Polish coastal zone [5,19,20]. The possible transmission of independent cancer lineages was recently studied as a factor responsible for the high frequency of neoplasia in M. balthica from the Gulf of Gdańsk [16]. In cases of BTN, genotypes of neoplastic cells are nearly identical and they do not match those of the solid tissue of the host animal with different alleles dominating in normal and neoplastic cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bivalves Transmissible Neoplasia: Biochemical Aspects of Contagious Cancer in a Clam Macoma Balthica

Hallmann

Michnowska

Chomiczewska

et al. 2022

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Occurring in marine invertebrates infectious haemic neoplasia (bivalves transmissible neoplasia, BTN) arises from genome instabilities leading to multilevel malfunctions and unregulated cell division of presumably haemocyte precursors. As its biochemical characterisation remains unknown, we here present the first data describing selected aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of the disease a in model clam Macoma balthica. We chose free amino acids (FAA) composition, mitochondrial respiration and enzymatic activity, oxidative stress enzymes activities and corticosteroids profile as markers of this contagious cancer. Methods: Selected markers were measured in neoplastic and healthy clams and two tissue types, haemolymph and solid tissue. FAA composition was assessed in the haemolymph samples using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Mitochondrial respiration analysis was performed on haemocytes using oxygen electrodes integrated system Seahorse XFp. Mitochondrial enzymes activities were measured using spectrophotometry (cytochrome oxidase, COX) and commercial kit (succinate dehydrogenase, SDH). Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Acetylocholinesterase (AChE), Protein Carbonyl Content (CBO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the solid tissue using analytical kits, and glutathione (GSH) was measured spectrophotometrically. Corticosteroids profile, measured in the solid tissue, was obtained with Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MS/MS) technique. Results: In both clam groups nine FAAs were detected with Asp, Glu, Pro, Ser constituting over 90% of total FAA content. Significantly higher Gln level was detected in BTN positive clams. In neoplastic clams, an impairment of mitochondrial metabolism was observed as a decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and lower cytochrome c oxidase activity. In the neoplastic clams significantly higher concentration of low molecular weight antioxidants was found. Finally, we report high level of corticosterone and lower levels of dehydrocorticosterone, cortisol and cortisone in healthy clams and elevated cortisol level in BTN individuals. Conclusion: Neoplastic clams are characterized by altered mitochondrial metabolism, with a potential key role of glutamine (Gln) in cancer cells energy production. Despite low aerobic respiration, BTN cells have efficient antioxidative response to elevated concentration of ROS. Elevated cortisol level in BTN-positive clams may indicate an important role of this corticosteroid in cancer biochemistry. Thus, we here provide the first results of selected physiological and biochemical aspects of BTN, making an important step in studying cancer epidemiology in wildlife.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bivalves Transmissible Neoplasia: Biochemical Aspects of Contagious Cancer in a Clam Macoma Balthica

Hallmann

Michnowska

Chomiczewska

et al. 2022

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Molecular diversity of bivalve transmissible neoplasia of blue mussels in the Kola Bay (Barents Sea) indicates a recent migration of the cancer lineages between the North Pacific and Northern Europe

Skazina

Ponomartsev

Maiorova

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) is a leukemia-like cancer "metastasizing" by transmission of living cancer cells between molluscs. Blue mussels harbor two evolutionary lineages of BTN,MtrBTN1 andMtrBTN2, both derived fromMytilus trossulus. WhileMtrBTN1 has been found only inM. trossulusin North Pacific,MtrBTN2 parasitizes different Mytilus species worldwide, particularly in Western Europe. No targeted studies of BTN in Northern European mussels (M. edulis,M. trossulus) have been made. We searched for BTN in mussels from the Kola Bay (Barents Sea) with the help of flow cytometry of the hemolymph, qPCR with primers specific to cancer-associated alleles and sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear loci. The species of the mussel hosts was ascertained genetically. BothMtrBTN1 andMtrBTN2 were present in our material, though their prevalence was low (~0.4%). The only instance ofMtrBTN2 was found inM. trossulus.MtrBTN1 occurred inM. trossulusand in a hybrid betweenM. trossulusandM. edulis. This finding indicates thatMtrBTN1 may potentially infect the latter species. The mtDNA haplotypes found in both lineages were nearly identical to those known from the North Pacific, but not from elsewhere. Our results suggest that they arrived in the Kola Bay fairly recently, probably with the maritime transport along the Northern Sea Route, and that the invasion was independent of that in Western Europe. A relatively young evolutionary age ofMtrBTN1 seems to suggest that it is an emerging disease in the process of niche expansion.

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Horizontal transmission of disseminated neoplasia in the widespread clam Limecola balthica from the Southern Baltic Sea

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

Bivalves Transmissible Neoplasia: Biochemical Aspects of Contagious Cancer in a Clam Macoma Balthica

Bivalves Transmissible Neoplasia: Biochemical Aspects of Contagious Cancer in a Clam Macoma Balthica

Molecular diversity of bivalve transmissible neoplasia of blue mussels in the Kola Bay (Barents Sea) indicates a recent migration of the cancer lineages between the North Pacific and Northern Europe

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