Horizontal Saccade Dynamics across the Human Life Span

Irving, Elizabeth L.; Steinbach, Martin J.; Lillakas, Linda; Babu, Raiju J.; Hutchings, Natalie

doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1311

Cited by 190 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…The onset latency for saccadic eye movement is known to be longer in older adults than in younger subjects [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In addition, older adults execute more saccades to reach a target [12,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old age affects gaze and postural coordination

Paquette

Fung

2011

Gait & Posture

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old age affects gaze and postural coordination

Paquette

Fung

2011

Gait & Posture

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“…As the group differences only became significant at time 3, this may indicate that a maturational process may be disrupted in paediatric mCHI. However, the only studies assessing the effects of age on saccadic task performance have been cross-sectional, 21 and do not allow longitudinal assessment of the same individuals. However, as Karatekin 22 summarizes, the steepest age-related declines have been observed in the same latencies in which our groups diverged the most over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in saccadic eye movement and memory function after mild closed head injury in children

Phillipou

Douglas

Krieser

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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ABBREVIATIONS BRIEFBehavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function ImPACT Immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing mCHI Mild closed head injury mTBI Mild traumatic brain injury Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th edition AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether volitional saccadic impairments are present in children with mild closed head injury (mCHI) and whether these deficits are predictive of ongoing cognitive impairment.METHOD We analysed a sample of 26 children with mCHI (20 males, 6 females; mean age 13y 1mo, SD 2y) and 29 age-matched comparison children (20 males, 9 females; mean age 12y 2mo, SD 2y). Participants completed a battery of saccadic eye movement tasks and a set of computer-based cognitive tasks at three time points: within 2 weeks of mCHI, and at 3 months and 6 months. RESULTSThe group with mCHI made fewer errors on the antisaccade task at the first time point and showed increased latencies on prosaccades, correct antisaccades, and corrected antisaccade errors at the third time point (6mo). The group with mCHI also showed poorer performance on the cognitive tasks assessing memory.INTERPRETATION Even very mild, uncomplicated mCHI in children may persistently affect aspects of executive control and visual processing.Mild closed head injury (mCHI), or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), occurs when a blow to the head or a forceful motion of the head leads to brief loss of consciousness (<30min) or an alteration in mental state (e.g. confusion or disorientation), or any loss of memory for events before or after the incident. 1 The use of mCHI instead of mTBI does not explicitly imply the presence of brain injury. Although information on mTBI in children is limited, a recently completed prospective population-based study of 0-to 17-year-olds in Sweden yielded an annual incidence of 468 per 100 000.2 Evidence suggests that the prognosis after mTBI is good for most children; however, recent studies have observed that a significant proportion of these children experience ongoing problems. Hawley et al. 3 reported frequent behavioural, emotional, memory, and attention problems in 10% to 18% of children with mTBI, and personality change in 21%. Adults with mTBI often demonstrate difficulties with attention and working memory, and speed of processing (see Frencham et al. 4 for a meta-analysis). Research investigating the cognitive problems experienced by children with mTBI, however, is limited, with highly variable findings between studies. Anderson et al. 5 reported intact memory capacity over the course of both short-and long-term recovery after paediatric mTBI. Ponsford et al. 6 reported no impairment on a range of measures, including memory, attention, and processing speed at 1 week and 3 months after injury. However, Levin et al. 7 identified that children with 'complicated' mTBI, whose computed tomography (CT) revealed brain pathophysiology complications, had significantly poorer episodic memory and slower cognitive processing at short-and long-term follow-u...

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“…Normal saccade reaction times in control subjects in our study are consistent with previous work. 25,27,34 The fact that other saccade parameters such as duration, amplitude, and peak velocity are not altered suggests that patients were able to detect the targets located at 10° to the right and to the left of the fixation point, and that once the saccades were initiated, the accuracy and the motor characteristics of the saccades were not significantly affected. Therefore, the glaucomatous pathological process seems to alter mainly the initiation of saccades that involve visual input as well as a complex saccade-generation network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trials with saccade reaction times between 50 ms and 600 ms were analyzed, removing anticipatory saccades (,50 ms) and latencies due to inattention (.600 ms). 22,[24][25][26] Trials with saccade reaction times between 50 ms and 100 ms were defined as express saccades, 19,[32][33][34][35][36] and their frequency was counted. Trials with direction error were analyzed separately.…”

Section: Eye Movement Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed saccadic eye movements in glaucoma

Kanjee¹,

Yücel²,

Steinbach³

et al. 2012

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Purpose: To determine whether saccadic eye movements are altered in glaucoma patients. Patients and methods: Sixteen patients with glaucoma and 21 control subjects were prospectively studied. Patients participated in a pro-saccade step task. Saccades were recorded using a noninvasive infrared oculometric device with head-mounted target projection. Medians of saccade reaction time, duration, amplitude, and peak velocity; frequency of express saccades; and percentage of trials with direction error were recorded. t-tests were used to compare the glaucoma and age-matched control groups. A correlation analysis of saccade parameters with visual field loss was also performed. Results: Median saccade reaction times were significantly prolonged in glaucoma patients compared with controls (220.9 ± 49.02 ms vs 192.1 ± 31.24 ms; t-test: P = 0.036). Median duration, median amplitude, and median peak velocity of saccades did not show significant differences between glaucoma and control groups (P . 0.05). Frequency of express saccades was significantly decreased in glaucoma patients compared with controls (1.75 ± 2.32 vs 7.0 ± 6.99; t-test: P = 0.007). Saccade parameters in glaucoma patients showed no significant correlation with visual field loss. Conclusion: Saccadic eye movements are significantly delayed in patients with early, moderate, or advanced glaucoma. Determination of median saccade reaction time may offer a novel functional test to quantify visual function in glaucoma patients. Further studies are needed to determine pathological processes implicated in delayed initiation of saccades, and to assess whether alteration of saccades affects daily activities in glaucoma patients.

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Horizontal Saccade Dynamics across the Human Life Span

Abstract: Age affected saccadic latency, accuracy, and velocity. For each parameter there was a different pattern of development and decline probably related to the way in which the portion of the brain that controls each function develops and ages.

Cited by 190 publications

References 41 publications

Old age affects gaze and postural coordination

Old age affects gaze and postural coordination

Changes in saccadic eye movement and memory function after mild closed head injury in children

Delayed saccadic eye movements in glaucoma

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