Horizontal Paper Chromatography in the Identification of Ball Point Pen Inks

Brown, Charlotte; Kirk, Paul L.

doi:10.2307/1139533

The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science

1954

DOI: 10.2307/1139533

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Horizontal Paper Chromatography in the Identification of Ball Point Pen Inks

Charlotte Brown¹,

Paul L. Kirk²

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1956

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Cited by 18 publications

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“…In order to accurately identify the various ink formulations that are commercially available, many techniques using a variety of analytical procedures have been developed (6-13). Of these, perhaps the most accepted method in current usage is that of paper chromatography (2) (12) (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). This separation method allows the various ink components, many of which are colored dye substances, to be separated into integral bands or zones that distribute themselves in a manner characteristic of the original combined formulation (21).…”

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Characterization of Fountain Pen Inks by Porous Glass Chromatography and Electrophoresis

MacDonell¹

1962

The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science

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Characterization of Fountain Pen Inks by Porous Glass Chromatography and Electrophoresis

MacDonell¹

1962

The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science

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The analysis of fountain pen inks by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet/visible absorbance and laser‐induced fluorescence detection

1998

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Information on the identity of inks adds to the circumstantial evidence in legal cases involving fraudulent documents. In combination with optical methods, multiple thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is currently the analytical tool used by forensic chemists to separate, compare and distinguish inks based on their dye composition. In our studies, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for the analysis of water-soluble fountain pen inks. Inks are complex mixtures of synthetic organic and inorganic dyes, surfactants, resins and other components. The investigations included the development of an electrophoretic separation method, the optimization of an extraction procedure for inks from paper as well as the evaluation of ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) absorbance and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection for the analysis of inks by CE. Good results for the separation of 17 blue and black inks of different manufacturers and countries of origin were obtained with 100 mM borate buffer, pH 8.0, containing 20% methanol. The electropherograms of the inks and their extracts from paper showed patterns that were in most cases distinctly different from each other. Ultraviolet/visible scans can be used to compare spectra of the separated main and trace components of inks. Fluorescence detection at different excitation and emission wavelengths was more sensitive, but added to the complexity of the electropherograms due to the excitation of coextracted fluorescing paper components. The resolution power of CE combined with the information content provided by the detection modes investigated prove CE to be a powerful tool for the identification of water-soluble inks used on paper documents.

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Differentiation of inks by electrochromatophoresis

Brown

Kirk

1956

Mikrochim Acta

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Horizontal Paper Chromatography in the Identification of Ball Point Pen Inks

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization of Fountain Pen Inks by Porous Glass Chromatography and Electrophoresis

Characterization of Fountain Pen Inks by Porous Glass Chromatography and Electrophoresis

The analysis of fountain pen inks by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet/visible absorbance and laser‐induced fluorescence detection

Differentiation of inks by electrochromatophoresis

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