Horizontal Nystagmus of Rhesus Monkeys

Komatsuzaki, Atsushi; Harris, Henry E.; Alpert, Jack N.; Cohen, Bernard

doi:10.3109/00016486909125481

Cited by 64 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other authors have found similar decrement in man (Guedry, 1965;Dix & Hood, 1969), cats (Crampton, 1962;Collins & Updegraff, 1966) and dogs (Collins & Updegraff, 1966). Repeated caloric stimulation of the horizontal semicircular canal in the dark has also been shown to produce comparable 'habituative' attenuation in cat (Fluur & Mendel, 1962 a, b;Mertens & Collins, 1967), and monkey (Komatsuzaki, Harris, Alpert & Cohen, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Short‐term adaptive changes in the human vestibulo‐ocular reflex arc

Gonshor

Jones

1976

The Journal of Physiology

235

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SUMMARY1. Two sets of experiments have examined the vestibulo-ocular response (VOR) to repeated sinusoidal rotation (A) in the dark and (B) after attempting visual tracking of a mirror-reversed image of the visual surround.2. In both A and B a horizontal sinusoidal rotational stimulus of 1/6 Hz and 60'/sec angular velocity amplitude was employed, specifically chosen to lie within the presumed range of natural stimulation of the semicircular canals.3. In A each of seven subjects underwent ten 2-min runs of the standard stimulus in the dark on each of three consecutive days, with 3-min rest periods between runs. Using d.c. electro-oculography (EOG) the VOR gain was measured throughout as eye velocity/head velocity. Mental arousal was maintaind by competitive mental arithmetic. Constancy of EOG gain was assured by 50 min dark adaptation before experimentation.4. The results of A showed no consistent change of VOR gain over the three times scales of a run, a day and the 3-day experiment.5. In B the same subjects underwent a similar pattern of vestibular stimulation, but during eight of the 2-min daily runs they attempted the reversed visual tracking task. VOR gain was measured during the 1st, 6th and last runs which were conducted in the dark for this purpose.Constancy of EOG gain was maintained by using red light throughout.6. The results of B showed a substantial (approx. 25 %) and highly significant (P < 0-001) reduction of VOR gain attributable solely to the 16 min of reversed visual tracking attempted during the 50 min daily experiment. In addition the pre-test control gain was lower on day 3 than on day 1 (approx. 10% attenuation, P < 0t01) indicating a small cumulative effect from beginning to end of the 3-day experiment.7. It is concluded (A) that the repeated vestibular stimulus did not A. GONSHOR AND G. MELVILL JONES itself cause significant attenuation of VOR gain, but (B) that superposition of a reversed visual tracking task did induce retained VOR attenuation which was solely due to the antagonistic visual stimulus.8. In conjunction with other experimental evidence it is inferred that this attenuation probably represents an adaptive change in the VOR induced at least in part by retinal image slip.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Short‐term adaptive changes in the human vestibulo‐ocular reflex arc

Gonshor

Jones

1976

The Journal of Physiology

235

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“…In monkeys the eyes are powerfully driven by whole field rotation and the nystagmus lasts as long as the stimulus continues. Under this condition slow phase eye velocities are achieved which follow stimulus velocities into the saccadic range (Komatsuzaki, Harris, Alpert & Cohen, 1969). When the stimulus is terminated, if animals are in darkness, there is a persistent after-response, optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the stimulus is terminated, if animals are in darkness, there is a persistent after-response, optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). In the monkey, appreciable periods of OKAN regularly follow OKN provided the animal is alert, the stimulus is of adequate duration and visual fixation is prevented (Krieger & Bender, 1956;Komatsuzaki et al 1969). There are generally two phases of OKAN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of the velocity characteristics of optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after‐nystagmus

Cohen¹,

Matsuo²,

Raphan³

1977

The Journal of Physiology

688

218

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“…In primates, which are higher mammals, optokinetic pursuing ability is greatly increased and the maxi mum pursuit speed reaches more than 100°/sec. (Komatsuzaki et al, 1969;Takahashi and Igarashi, in press). Although vertical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) has not been investigated so intensively as horizontal O KN , a directional difference has been reported in cats and squirrel monkeys, both of which show better upward pursuit than downward (Collins et a l, 1970;Vital-Durand and Jeannerod, 1974;Takahashi and Igarashi, in press).…”

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confidence: 99%

Horizontal and Vertical Optokinetic Nystagmus in Man

Takahashi

Sakurai

Kanzaki

1978

ORL

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Horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was studied in 20 healthy adults. Although the horizontal OKN showed no directional difference, a statistically significant difference was found between horizontal and vertical OKN. Upward optokinetic pursuit was better on average than downward pursuit, but more variable. The inferiority of vertical OKN seems to indicate a suppression of optokinetic pursuit due to a different direction of the rotational axis from that of gravity. Regarding the vertical OKN findings, it is speculated that manifest directionality found in quadrupeds is modified in men by the change of their visual field on forward locomotion accomplished by their upright walking posture.

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Horizontal Nystagmus of Rhesus Monkeys

Cited by 64 publications

References 27 publications

Short‐term adaptive changes in the human vestibulo‐ocular reflex arc

Short‐term adaptive changes in the human vestibulo‐ocular reflex arc

Quantitative analysis of the velocity characteristics of optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after‐nystagmus

Horizontal and Vertical Optokinetic Nystagmus in Man

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