Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22?42

Hoffmann, John P.; Ulrich, G. E.; Garcia, Michael O.

doi:10.1007/bf00301533

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While Pu'u 'Ō'ō is a flank vent of Kīlauea, lying about 16 km east of the summit caldera, the SEC is one of Etna's four summit craters and thus directly fed from the central conduit system. Although the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha system has been the hub of eruptive activity at Kīlauea since 1983, magma is believed to be delivered to it from a summit magma reservoir through an extensive and long-lived dike, or dike-like reservoir (Hoffmann et al 1990;Cervelli and Miklius 2003). We do note, though, that some authors (e.g., Garcia et al 1996Garcia et al , 2000 also see evidence that Kilauea's summit reservoir is actually bypassed and magma rises directly into a reservoir below Pu'u 'Ō'ō.…”

Section: Changes In the Eruptive Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The exceptional activity and growth of the Southeast Crater, Mount Etna (Italy), between 1996 and 2001

et al. 2006

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Between 1971 and, the Southeast Crater was the most productive of the four summit craters of Mount Etna, with activity that can be compared, on a global scale, to the opening phases of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kūpaianaha eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i. The period of highest eruptive rate was between 1996 and 2001, when near-continuous activity occurred in five phases. These were characterized by a wide range of eruptive styles and intensities from quiet, non-explosive lava emission to brief, violent lava-fountaining episodes. Much of the cone growth occurred during these fountaining episodes, totaling 105 events. Many showed complex dynamics such as different eruptive styles at multiple vents, and resulted in the growth of minor edifices on the flanks of the Southeast Crater cone. Small pyroclastic flows were produced during some of the eruptive episodes, when oblique tephra jets showered the steep flanks of the cone with hot bombs and scoriae. Fluctuations in the eruptive style and eruption rates were controlled by a complex interplay between changes in the conduit geometry (including the growth of a shallow magma reservoir under the Southeast Crater), magma supply rates, and flank instability. During this period, volume calculations were made with the aid of GIS and image analysis of video footage obtained by a monitoring telecamera. Between 1996 and 2001, the bulk volume of the cone increased by~36×10 6 m 3 , giving a total (1971-2001) volume of~72×10 6 m 3 . At the same time, the cone gained~105 m in height, reaching an elevation of about 3,300 m. The total DRE volume of the 1996-2001 products was~90×10 6 m 3 . This mostly comprised lava flows (72×10 6 m 3 ) erupted at the summit and onto the flanks of the cone. These values indicate that the productivity of the Southeast Crater increased fourfold during 1996-2001 with respect to the previous 25 years, coinciding with a general increase in the eruptive output rates and eruption intensity at Etna. This phase of intense summit activity has been followed, since the summer of 2001, by a period of increased structural instability of the volcano, marked by a series of important flank eruptions.

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Section: Changes In the Eruptive Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The exceptional activity and growth of the Southeast Crater, Mount Etna (Italy), between 1996 and 2001

et al. 2006

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“…Seismic , petrologic (Garcia et al 1992; this study), and deformation studies Hoffmann et al 1990) of the Puu Oo eruption have allowed us to develop a model for the Puu Oo magmatic reservoir system (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Puu Oo Magmatic Plumbing Systemmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4). This magmatic system extends from the mantle, where melting occurs at depths of at least 80 km to the shallow reservoir under the Puu Oo cone (Tilling and Dvorak 1993;Hoffmann et al 1990). Mantle melts are focused into Kilauea's primary conduit, which delivers magma to its two rift zones and a reservoir 2-6 km beneath the volcano's summit (Klein et al 1987).…”

Section: Puu Oo Magmatic Plumbing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After episode 3, only the Puu Oo vent was active, and it was the main locus of lava flow production until just after the start of episode 48 (July 1986). Each of episodes 4 to 47 was preceded by a repose period of 8-50 days during which magma accumulated in a shallow reservoir under Puu Oo (Hoffmann et al 1990). The eruptive episodes varied from 9 to 100 h in duration and had moderate to spectacular lava fountains (10's to 400 m high; .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Hypothetical cross section of Kilauea's summit and subaerial portion of its east rift zone showing the inferred magma reservoir system for the Puu Oo eruption based on seismic and petrologic data. The summit reservoir is probably a spherical body (Yang et al 1992); the east rift zone conduit and the shallow Puu Oo reservoir are dike-like bodies (Tilling and Dvorak 1993;Hoffmann et al 1990). The rapid compositional variation in Puu Oo lavas during episode 48 is circumstantial evidence that magma from the vertical mantle conduit avoids mixing with magma in the summit reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrology of lavas from the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea Volcano: III. The Kupaianaha episode (1986-1992)

Garcia

Rhodes

Trusdell

et al. 1996

Bulletin of Volcanology

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The Puu Oo eruption has been remarkable in the historical record of Kilauea Volcano for its duration (over 13 years), volume (`1 km 3 ) and compositional variation (5.7-10 wt.% MgO). During the summer of 1986, the main vent for lava production moved 3 km down the east rift zone and the eruption style changed from episodic geyser-like fountaining at Puu Oo to virtually continuous, relatively quiescent effusion at the Kupaianaha vent. This paper examines this next chapter in the Puu Oo eruption, episodes 48 and 49, and presents new ICP-MS trace element and Pb-, Sr-, and Nd-isotope data for the entire eruption (1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994). Nearly aphyric to weakly olivine-phyric lavas were erupted during episodes 48 and 49. The variation in MgO content of Kupaianaha lavas erupted before 1990 correlates with changes in tilt at the summit of Kilauea, both of which probably were controlled by variations in Kilauea's magma supply rate. These lavas contain euhedral olivines which generally are in equilibrium with whole-rock compositions, although some of the more mafic lavas which erupted during 1990, a period of frequent pauses in the eruption, accumulated 2-4 vol.% olivine. The highest forsterite content of olivines (F85%) in Kupaianaha lavas indicates that the parental magmas for these lavas had MgO contents of F10 wt.%, which equals the highest observed value for lavas during this eruption. The composition of the Puu Oo lavas has progressively changed during the eruption. Since early 1985 (episode 30), when mixing between an evolved rift zone magma and a more mafic summit reservoir-derived magma ended, the normalized (to 10 wt.% MgO) abundances of highly incompatible elements and CaO have systematically decreased with time, whereas ratios of these trace elements and Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopes, and the abundances of Y and Yb, have remained relatively unchanged. These results indicate that the Hawaiian plume source for Puu Oo magmas must be relatively homogeneous on a scale of 10-20 km 3 (assuming 5-10% partial melting), and that localized melting within the plume has apparently progressively depleted its incompatible elements and clinopyroxene component as the eruption continued. The rate of variation of highly incompatible elements in Puu Oo lavas is much greater than that observed for Kilauea historical summit lavas (e.g., Ba/Y 0.09 a -1 vs F0.03 a -1 ). This rapid change indicates that Puu Oo magmas did not mix thoroughly with magma in the summit reservoir. Thus, except for variable amounts of olivine fractionation, the geochemical variation in these lavas is predominantly controlled by mantle processes.Key words Hawaii 7 Kilauea Volcano 7 magma 7 Volcano plumbing 7 lava geochemistry 7 mantlemelting

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Magma flow between summit and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō at K̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Montagna

Gonnermann

2013

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] Volcanic eruptions are often accompanied by spatiotemporal migration of ground deformation, a consequence of pressure changes within magma reservoirs and pathways. We modeled the propagation of pressure variations through the east rift zone (ERZ) of K" ılauea Volcano, Hawai'i, caused by magma withdrawal during the early eruptive episodes (1983)(1984)(1985) of the ongoing Pu'u ' " O'" o-Kupaianaha eruption. Eruptive activity at the Pu'u ' " O'" o vent was typically accompanied by abrupt deflation that lasted for several hours and was followed by a sudden onset of gradual inflation once the eruptive episode had ended. Similar patterns of deflation and inflation were recorded at K" ılauea's summit, approximately 15 km to the northwest, albeit with time delays of hours. These delay times can be reproduced by modeling the spatiotemporal changes in magma pressure and flow rate within an elastic-walled dike that traverses K" ılauea's ERZ. Key parameters that affect the behavior of the magma-dike system are the dike dimensions, the elasticity of the wall rock, the magma viscosity, and to a lesser degree the magnitude and duration of the pressure variations themselves. Combinations of these parameters define a transport efficiency and a pressure diffusivity, which vary somewhat from episode to episode, resulting in variations in delay times. The observed variations in transport efficiency are most easily explained by small, localized changes to the geometry of the magma pathway.

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Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22?42

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

The exceptional activity and growth of the Southeast Crater, Mount Etna (Italy), between 1996 and 2001

The exceptional activity and growth of the Southeast Crater, Mount Etna (Italy), between 1996 and 2001

Petrology of lavas from the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea Volcano: III. The Kupaianaha episode (1986-1992)

Magma flow between summit and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō at K̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

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