Horizontal distribution of an earthworm community at El Molar, Madrid (Spain)

Hernández, Patricia; Garcı́a-Gutiérrez, Miguel; Ramajo, Marta; Trigo, Dolores; Cosín, Darío J. Díaz

doi:10.1078/0031-4056-00230

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Las especies de la familia Lumbricidae son consideradas como ingenieros del ecosistema, por las actividades de bioturbación que benefician los servicios ecosistémicos del suelo (Jones, Lawton & Shachak, 1994) y han sido utilizadas en biomonitorización de la calidad del suelo (Tischer, 2008). Las especies observadas (K. roseus y N. trapezoides) son típicas de tierras cultivadas y han sido descritas en campos de cultivos y pastizales en diversas zonas españolas (Hernández, Gutiérrez, Ramajo, Trigo & Díaz Cosín, 2003;Lainez y Jordana 1987;Pérez y Rodríguez, 2008;Pérez y Rodríguez, 2009). Las lombrices identificadas, K. roseus y N. trapezoides, son morfológica y funcionalmente distintas (Figura 1 y 2), destacando la diferencia en el tamaño del cuerpo.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Fertilization with pig slurry: impacts on earthworms in rainfed agriculture

2019

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RESUMEN Las lombrices de tierra participan en el mantenimiento de los servicios ecosistémicos del suelo. Su presencia y actividad están influenciadas por las prácticas de manejo, entre ellas la fertilización. El objetivo de esta investigación fue cuantificar en un año bajo barbecho, la abundancia, biomasa y diversidad de especies de lombrices de tierra en respuesta a distintas estrategias de fertilización mantenidas durante 12 años en un agrosistema cerealístico de secano, bajo clima Mediterráneo semiárido. Esta fertilización se basó en purín de cerdo de engorde (PE) y de maternidad (PM), a distintas dosis de peso en fresco y distribuidas en seis tratamientos: tres tratamientos con PE (uno de 30 t ha −1 año −1 aplicado en pre-siembra y otros de 40 y 60 t ha −1 año −1 aplicados en cobertera), dos tratamientos con PM (60 y 90 t ha −1 año −1 aplicados en cobertera) y uno combinando PE y PM (30 t ha −1 año −1 de PE en pre-siembra más 90 t ha −1 año −1 de PM en cobertera). Se incluyó un tratamiento con fertilización mineral (0−FM) que actuaba como control. No hubo variaciones en la abundancia y la biomasa de lombrices registradas según el tipo de fertilización. Se identificaron dos especies de lombrices. La especie endogeica Koinodrilus roseus predominó en cuanto a abundancia (80-100%). La especie anécica Nicodrilus trapezoides no se detectó en las parcelas que habían recibido en cobertera las dos dosis más elevadas de PE, por lo que la ausencia de esta especie puede considerarse como un bioindicador de situaciones de sobrefertilización con PE. Palabras clave: bioindicador, calidad de suelo, cereales de invierno, fertilizante orgánico, lumbrícidos ABSTRACT Earthworms play an important role in the maintenance of soil ecosystem services. Their presence and activity are influenced by agricultural practices as fertilization. The objective of this research was to identify earthworm species and to quantify their abundance and biomass in a field experiment where different fertilization strategies were applied for a period of 12 years. The experiment was carried out under a semiarid Mediterranean climate, in a fallow year of a rainfed cereal system. Fertilization strategies were based on pig slurries from fattening pigs (PE) and from sows (PM) at different fresh doses distributed in six treatments: three treatments only included PE (one rate was 30 t ha −1 yr −1 applied at pre-sowing, and the other two treatments received 40 and 60 t ha −1 yr −1 applied at cereal tillering), two treatments only included PM (60 and 90 t ha −1 yr −1 applied at cereal tillering) and the last, it combined PE and PM (30 t ha −1 yr −1 of PE at pre-sowing plus 90 t ha −1 yr −1 of PM at cereal tillering). Fertilization included a mineral fertilization treatment (0−FM) acting as a control. There were no variations in the abundance and biomass of earthworms registered according to the type of fertilization. Two earthworm species were identified. The endogeic species Koinodrilus roseus was the most abundant (80%−100%). The anecic species Nicodrilus trap...

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Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Fertilization with pig slurry: impacts on earthworms in rainfed agriculture

2019

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“…The soil factors potentially affecting earthworm distributions to the highest degree (soil texture, pH, organic carbon content, and nitrogen content; Edwards & Bohlen, ; Hernandez et al ., ; Hernández et al ., ) were analysed in the new localities [previously obtained values were taken from Novo et al . () and Marchán et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a case study - the number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

et al. 2016

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Rarely have phylogenetic comparative methods been used to study the correlation between phenotypic traits and environmental variables in invertebrates. With the widespread convergence and conservativeness of the morphological characters used in earthworms, these comparative methods could be useful to improve our understanding of their evolution and systematics. One of the most prominent morphological characters in the family Hormogastridae, endemic to Mediterranean areas, is their multilamellar typhlosole, traditionally thought to be an adaptation to soils poor in nutrients. We tested the correlation of body size and soil characteristics with the number of typhlosole lamellae through a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analysis. An ultrametric phylogenetic hypothesis was built with a 2580-bp DNA sequence from 90 populations, used in combination with three morphological and 11 soil variables. The best-supported model, based on the Akaike information criterion, was obtained by optimizing the parameters lambda (k), kappa (j), and delta (d). The phylogenetic signal was strong for the number of typhlosole lamellae and average body weight, and was lower for soil variables. Increasing body weight appeared to be the main evolutionary pressure behind the increase in the number of typhlosole lamellae, with soil texture and soil richness having a weaker but significant effect. Information on the evolutionary rate of the number of typhlosole lamellae suggested that the early evolution of this character could have strongly shaped its variability, as is found in an adaptive radiation. This work highlights the importance of implementing the phylogenetic comparative method to test evolutionary hypotheses in invertebrate taxa.

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“…Some soil factors were measured in the sampled locations to explore the role of the environment in the genetic diversification of this group of Mediterranean earthworms. These were selected because they are among the most important factors affecting earthworm distribution (Edwards & Bohlen 1996; Hernández et al. 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)

et al. 2012

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Many recent studies on invertebrates have shown how morphology not always captures the true diversity of taxa, with cryptic speciation often being discussed in this context. Here, we show how diversification patterns can be very different in two clades of closely related earthworms in the genus Hormogaster stressing the risk of using nonspecific substitution rate values across taxa. On the one hand, the Hormogaster elisae species complex, endemic to the central Iberian Peninsula, shows morphological stasis. On the other hand, a clade of Hormogaster from the NE Iberian Peninsula shows an enormous morphological variability, with 15 described morphospecies. The H. elisae complex, however, evolves faster genetically, and this could be explained by the harsher environmental conditions to which it is confined-as detected in this study, that is, sandier and slightly poorer soils with lower pH values than those of the other species in the family. These extreme conditions could be at the same time limiting morphological evolution and thus be responsible for the observed morphological stasis in this clade. Contrarily, Hormogaster species from the NE Iberian Peninsula, although still inhabiting harsher milieu than other earthworm groups, have had the opportunity to evolve into a greater morphological disparity. An attempt to delimit species within this group following the recently proposed general mixed Yule-coalescent method showed a higher number of entities than expected under the morphospecies concept, most probably due to the low vagility of these animals, which considerably limits gene flow between distant conspecific populations, but also because of the decoupling between morphological and genetic evolution in the H. elisae complex.

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Horizontal distribution of an earthworm community at El Molar, Madrid (Spain)

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Fertilization with pig slurry: impacts on earthworms in rainfed agriculture

Fertilization with pig slurry: impacts on earthworms in rainfed agriculture

Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a case study - the number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)

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