“…1,17 In addition, some studies have revealed the specific developmental patterns of HLC. It is often shown as a transportation alliance, 3,4,6,14,19,28 collaborative inventory, 7,21 strategic and tactical data sharing, 1,2,8,12,22 goods consolidation, 6,7,15 logistics order sharing, 4,5,12,16 facility sharing, 5,6,21,32 human resource sharing, 1,7,21,32 and synchronous logistics. 1,21,22,32…”