Horizontal Cells of the Primate Retina: Cone Specificity Without Spectral Opponency

Dacey, Dennis M.; Lee, Barry B.; Stafford, Donna K.; Pokorny, Joel; Smith, Vivianne C.

doi:10.1126/science.271.5249.656

Cited by 230 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Verweij et al (2003) showed that the receptive fields of individual cone photoreceptors have surrounds that get mixed L and M cone input. H1 horizontal cells, thought to contribute to the inhibitory surrounds of midget bipolar and ganglion cells, get nonselective input from L and M cones (Wässle et al, 1989;Dacheux and Raviola, 1990;Goodchild et al, 1996;Dacey et al, 1996Dacey et al, , 2000b. There is no evidence that midget bipolar cells, which are the middle elements in the private line connections from cones to midget ganglion cells, have selective surround circuitry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, although the relative weight of L and M cone input to the midget receptive field varied from cell to cell, this variability was closely matched by that of parasol cells with overlapping receptive fields. Finally, we compared the relative strengths of L and M cone inputs to ganglion cells to the inputs to H1 horizontal cells, whose dendrites sum input from L and M cones (Dacey et al, 1996). The relative strengths of L and M cone input to H1 cells also varied from cell to cell (Dacey et al, 2000b) but were highly correlated with the inputs to ganglion cells at the same retinal locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

L and M Cone Contributions to the Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields of Macaque Monkey Retina

Diller¹,

Packer²,

Verweij³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L and M Cone Contributions to the Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields of Macaque Monkey Retina

Diller¹,

Packer²,

Verweij³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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“…We used a full-field square-wave stimulus to facilitate searching for the cell; when we penetrated a horizontal cell, we saw a change in the resting potential (Ϫ38.8 Ϯ 6.5; n ϭ 8) and the typical shape of the step response (see Fig. 7C) (Lankheet et al, 1992;Dacey et al, 1996). Not all horizontal cells were stained, and not all recorded cells could be identified as A type or B type.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Basis for Contrast Gain Control over the Receptive Field Center of Mammalian Retinal Ganglion Cells

Beaudoin¹,

Borghuis²,

Demb³

2007

J. Neurosci.

114

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Retinal ganglion cells fire spikes to an appropriate contrast presented over their receptive field center. These center responses undergo dynamic changes in sensitivity depending on the ongoing level of contrast, a process known as "contrast gain control." Extracellular recordings suggested that gain control is driven by a single wide-field mechanism, extending across the center and beyond, that depends on inhibitory interneurons: amacrine cells. However, recordings in salamander suggested that the excitatory bipolar cells, which drive the center, may themselves show gain control independently of amacrine cell mechanisms. Here, we tested in mammalian ganglion cells whether amacrine cells are critical for gain control over the receptive field center. We made extracellular and whole-cell recordings of guinea pig Y-type cells in vitro and quantified the gain change between contrasts using a linear-nonlinear analysis. For spikes, tripling contrast reduced gain by ϳ40%. With spikes blocked, ganglion cells showed similar levels of gain control in membrane currents and voltages and under conditions of low and high calcium buffering: tripling contrast reduced gain by ϳ20 -25%. Gain control persisted under voltage-clamp conditions that minimize inhibitory conductances and pharmacological conditions that block inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors. Gain control depended on adequate stimulation, not of ganglion cells but of presynaptic bipolar cells. Furthermore, horizontal cell measurements showed a lack of gain control in photoreceptor synaptic release. Thus, the mechanism for gain control over the ganglion cell receptive field center, as measured in the subthreshold response, originates in the presynaptic bipolar cells and does not require amacrine cell signaling.

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“…This discrepancy led us to suggest that H2 horizontal cells, which collect M/L input and feedback negatively to S-cone terminals (Ahnelt and Kolb, 1994a,b;Dacey et al, 1996;Lee et al, 1999;Verweij et al, 2003), provide each S-cone with a yellow-OFF receptive field coextensive with its intrinsic blue-ON field .…”

Section: The Critical Locus For By Color Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That Each S Cone in Macaque Fovea Drives One Narrow-Field and Several Wide-Field Blue-Yellow Ganglion Cells

Schein¹,

Sterling²,

Ngo³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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A rule of retinal wiring is that many receptors converge onto fewer bipolar cells and still fewer ganglion cells. However, for each S cone in macaque fovea, there are two S-cone ON bipolar cells and two blue-yellow (BY) ganglion cells. To understand this apparent rule reversal, we reconstructed synaptic patterns of divergence and convergence and determined the basic three-tiered unit of connectivity that repeats across the retina. Each foveal S cone diverges to four S-cone ON bipolar cells but contacts them unequally, providing 1-16 ribbon synapses per cell. Next, each bipolar cell diverges to two BY ganglion cells and also contacts them unequally, providing ϳ14 and ϳ28 ribbon synapses per cell. Overall, each S cone diverges to approximately six BY ganglion cells, dominating one and contributing more modestly to the others. Conversely, of each pair of BY ganglion cells, one is dominated by a single S cone and one is diffusely driven by several. This repeating circuit extracts blue/yellow information on two different spatiotemporal scales and thus parallels the circuits for achromatic, spatial vision, in which each cone dominates one narrow-field ganglion cell (midget) and contributes some input to several wider-field ganglion cells (parasol). Finally, because BY ganglion cells have coextensive ϩS and Ϫ(LϩM) receptive fields, and each S cone contributes different weights to different BY ganglion cells, the coextensive receptive fields must be already present in the synaptic terminal of the S cone. The S-cone terminal thus constitutes the first critical locus for BY color vision.

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Horizontal Cells of the Primate Retina: Cone Specificity Without Spectral Opponency

Cited by 230 publications

References 23 publications

L and M Cone Contributions to the Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields of Macaque Monkey Retina

L and M Cone Contributions to the Midget and Parasol Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields of Macaque Monkey Retina

Cellular Basis for Contrast Gain Control over the Receptive Field Center of Mammalian Retinal Ganglion Cells

Evidence That Each S Cone in Macaque Fovea Drives One Narrow-Field and Several Wide-Field Blue-Yellow Ganglion Cells

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