Horizontal and residual circulations driven by wind stress curl in Tokyo Bay

Nakayama, Keisuke; Shintani, Tetsuya; Shimizu, Kenji; Okada, Tomonari; Hinata, Hirofumi; Komai, Katsuaki

doi:10.1002/2013jc009396

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…In this study, a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model, Fantom3D, was used to analyze the breaking of shoaling ISWs. Fantom3D is an object-oriented parallel computing model for the analysis of environmental fluid dynamics [44][45][46][47], based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations in the height (z) coordinate. A free surface was applied to the top boundary, and a no-slip and slip conditions were given on the bottom and lateral boundaries, respectively.…”

Section: A Present Numerical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of internal solitary wave breaking over a slope

et al. 2019

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Breaking of shoaling internal solitary waves (ISWs) is important for mixing and mass transport processes in oceans and lakes. For ISWs in a two-layer stratified fluid, previous studies identified four breaker types: surging, plunging, collapsing, and fission. The latest classification of these breaker types is based on the wave slope S w and the bottom slope S; however, this classification was found to be unsatisfactory in delineating collapsing and plunging breakers. The present study proposes a new classification for these two breaker types using extended data sets, consisting of published experimental data and the results of new numerical simulations. It was found that a single nondimensional index B ISW = (S/S w)Re ISW 2 delineates collapsing and plunging breakers in the extended data, where Re ISW is a new wave Reynolds number that accounts for nonlinear wave steepening.

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Section: A Present Numerical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of internal solitary wave breaking over a slope

et al. 2019

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“…The vertical stratification enabled the wind stress to create a larger transport near the surface because the effective water depth was shallower due to the 458 suppression of vertical momentum transfer [Nakayama et al, 2014].…”

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confidence: 99%

Shelf response to intense offshore wind

2015

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Cross and along‐shelf winds drive cross‐shelf transport that promotes the exchange of tracers and nutrients to the open sea. The shelf response to cross‐shelf winds is studied in the north shelf of the Ebro Delta (Mediterranean Sea), where those winds are prevalent and intense. Offshore winds in the region exhibit strong intensities (wind stress larger than 0.8 Pa) during winter and fall. The monthly average flow observed in a 1 year current meter record at 43.5 m was polarized following the isobaths with the along‐shelf variability being larger than the cross‐shelf. Prevalent southwestward along‐shelf flow was induced by the three‐dimensional regional response to cross‐shelf winds and the coastal constraint. Seaward near‐surface velocities occurred predominantly during offshore wind events. During intense wind periods, the surface cross‐shelf water transport exceeded the net along‐shelf transport. During typically stratified seasons, the intense cross‐shelf winds resulted in a well‐defined two‐layer flow and were more effective at driving offshore transport than during unstratified conditions. While transfer coefficients between wind and currents were generally around 1%, higher cross‐shelf transfer coefficients were observed in the near‐inertial band. The regional extent of the resulting surface cold water during energetic cross‐shelf winds events was concentrated around the region of the wind jet. Cross‐shelf transport due to along‐shelf winds was only effective during northeast wind events. During along‐shelf wind conditions, the transport was estimated to be between 10 and 50% of the theoretical Ekman transport.

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“…The interaction between seagrass and flow is analyzed and evaluated by coupling the SAV model (equations and ) with the hydrodynamic model Fantom (Nakayama et al, 2014, 2016, 2019). The Fantom code applies the predictor‐corrector method to compute the non‐hydrostatic effects on flow (Nakayama, 2006; Nakayama & Imberger, 2010; Nakayama et al, 2012) and a generic k ‐ ε length‐scale turbulent closure model (Umlauf & Burchard, 2003), which is used with a CA filter (Warner et al, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Motion Within Hydrodynamic Models

Nakayama

Shintani

Komai

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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Aquatic models used for both freshwater and marine systems frequently need to account for submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) due to its influence on flow and water quality. Despite its importance, parameterizations are generally adopted that simplify feedbacks from SAV, such as canopy properties (e.g., considering the deflected vegetation height) and the bulk friction coefficient. This study reports the development of a fine‐scale non‐hydrostatic model that demonstrates the two‐way effects of SAV motion interaction with the flow. An object‐oriented approach is applied to capture the multiphase phenomena, whereby a leaf‐scale SAV model based on a discrete element method is combined with a flow dynamics model to resolve stresses from currents and waves. The model is verified through application to a laboratory‐scale seagrass bed. A force balance analysis revealed that leaf elasticity and buoyancy are the most significant components influencing the horizontal and vertical momentum equations, respectively. The sensitivity of canopy‐scale bulk friction coefficients to water depth, current speeds, and vegetation density of seagrass was explored. Deeper water was also shown to lead to a smaller decrease in vegetation height. The model approach can contribute to improving assessment of processes influencing water quality, sediment stabilization, carbon sequestration, and SAV restoration, thereby supporting an understanding of how waterways and coasts will respond to changes brought about by development and a changing climate.

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Horizontal and residual circulations driven by wind stress curl in Tokyo Bay

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

Classification of internal solitary wave breaking over a slope

Classification of internal solitary wave breaking over a slope

Shelf response to intense offshore wind

Integration of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Motion Within Hydrodynamic Models

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