Horizon Scan on the Benefits of Ocean Seasonal Forecasting in a Future of Increasing Marine Heatwaves for Aotearoa New Zealand

Stevens, Craig; Spillman, Claire M.; Behrens, Erik; Broekhuizen, Niall; Holland, Paula; Matthews, Yvonne; Noll, Ben; O'Callaghan, Joanne; Rampal, Neelesh; Smith, Robert G.; Soltanzadeh, Iman; Tait, Leigh W.; Taylor, David I.; Thoral, François; Williams, Erica K.

doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.907919

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the impacts of MHWs on marine organisms and ecosystems, especially mesopelagic species, deserve further investigation. To improve predictions of MHWs in a future warmer ocean and provide managers of fisheries, aquaculture, and conservation with forecasts to support mitigation strategies, understanding the physical processes and climate drivers of MHWs will be critical 65 , 66 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical structures of marine heatwaves

Zhang,

Du,

Feng

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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A marine heatwave (MHW) is typically defined as an anomalous warm event in the surface ocean, with wide-ranging impacts on marine and socio-economic systems. The surface warming associated with MHWs can penetrate into the deep ocean; however, the vertical structure of MHWs is poorly known in the global ocean. Here, we identify four main types of MHWs with different vertical structures using Argo profiles: shallow, subsurface-reversed, subsurface-intensified, and deep MHWs. These MHW types are characterized by different spatial distributions with hotspots of subsurface-reversed and subsurface-intensified MHWs at low latitudes and shallow and deep MHWs at middle-high latitudes. These vertical structures are influenced by ocean dynamical processes, including oceanic planetary waves, boundary currents, eddies, and mixing. The area and depth of all types of MHWs exhibit significant increasing trends over the past two decades. These results contribute to a better understanding of the physical drivers and ecological impacts of MHWs in a warming climate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical structures of marine heatwaves

Zhang,

Du,

Feng

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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“…For example, metabolite biomarkers can help to monitor the effects of environmental stressors on mussels [ 81 ]. Considering that seasonal forecasting is currently being used to warn about marine heatwaves and inform management responses [ 2 ], proactive steps can also be taken to promote mussel health. From the current study, it is clear that mussels exposed to a marine heatwave require additional energy for organismal functioning via aerobic and anaerobic processes and upregulation of various metabolites to counter oxidative stress production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond these limits, physiological function declines, and without mitigating action, mortality occurs [ 1 ]. In New Zealand (NZ), seawater temperatures are currently reported as several degrees above normal conditions, with more frequent and severe events projected [ 2 ]. In line with these projections, extreme events are likely to have an impact on the rich and diverse marine ecosystems, aquaculture facilities, and commercial and recreational fishing grounds found around NZ [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Changes of Perna canaliculus Following a Laboratory Marine Heatwave Exposure: Insights from Metabolomic Analyses

et al. 2023

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Temperature is considered to be a major abiotic factor influencing aquatic life. Marine heatwaves are emerging as threats to sustainable shellfish aquaculture, affecting the farming of New Zealand’s green-lipped mussel [Perna canaliculus (Gmelin, 1791)]. In this study, P. canaliculus were gradually exposed to high-temperature stress, mimicking a five-day marine heatwave event, to better understand the effects of heat stress on the metabolome of mussels. Following liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of haemolymph samples, key sugar-based metabolites supported energy production via the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle by 24 h and 48 h of heat stress. Anaerobic metabolism also fulfilled the role of energy production. Antioxidant molecules acted within thermally stressed mussels to mitigate oxidative stress. Purine metabolism supported tissue protection and energy replenishment. Pyrimidine metabolism supported the protection of nucleic acids and protein synthesis. Amino acids ensured balanced intracellular osmolality at 24 h and ammonia detoxification at 48 h. Altogether, this work provides evidence that P. canaliculus has the potential to adapt to heat stress up to 24 °C by regulating its energy metabolism, balancing nucleotide production, and implementing oxidative stress mechanisms over time. The data reported herein can also be used to evaluate the risks of heatwaves and improve mitigation strategies for aquaculture.

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