“…Therefore, the coping response (i.e., hopelessness) may be one of the most important targets for alleviating patients' psychological distress (Akechi, Okuyama, Imoto, Yamawaki, & Uchitomi, 2001). Other than psychiatric studies, the identification of hopelessness attributes in medical research has been more limited than that in psychology or nursing (Dunn, 2005).…”