Hope and doubt for the world's marine ecosystems

Pinheiro, Hudson T.; Teixeira, João Batista; Francini‐Filho, Ronaldo B.; Soares-Gomes, Abı́lio; Ferreira, Carlos E. L.; Rocha, Luiz A.

doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2018.11.001

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Monounsaturated lipids are one of the major raw materials for lipid-based biofuels, which are nowadays mostly derived from vegetable and/or waste cooking oils. Recently, increased attention to the ocean protection and fishing regulations for avoiding the overfishing and preserving fish species highlighted the need to find alternative sources of essential unsaturated lipids (Pinheiro et al 2018 ; Sala et al 2018 ). Furthermore, on-going transition of the global economy towards renewable bioresources and the continuous discussion on the controversial usage of vegetable oils for biofuel vs food applications, created an increasing need for alternative sources of lipids (Correa et al 2019 ; Meyer et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of phosphorus source and the nature of nitrogen substrate on the biomass production and lipid accumulation in oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi

Dzurendová

Zimmermann

Tafintseva

et al. 2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Oleaginous filamentous fungi grown under the nitrogen limitation, accumulate high amounts of lipids in the form of triacylglycerides (TAGs) with fatty acid profiles similar to plant and fish oils. In this study, we investigate the effect of six phosphorus source concentrations combined with two types of nitrogen substrate (yeast extract and ammonium sulphate), on the biomass formation, lipid production, and fatty acid profile for nine oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi. The analysis of fatty acid profiles was performed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and the lipid yield was estimated gravimetrically. Yeast extract could be used as both nitrogen and phosphorus source, without additional inorganic phosphorus supplementation. The use of inorganic nitrogen source (ammonium sulphate) requires strain-specific optimization of phosphorus source amount to obtain optimal lipid production regarding quantity and fatty acid profiles. Lipid production was decreased in ammonium sulphate-based media when phosphorus source was limited in all strains except for Rhizopus stolonifer. High phosphorus source concentration inhibited the growth of Mortierella fungi. The biomass (22 g/L) and lipid (14 g/L) yield of Umbelopsis vinacea was the highest among all the tested strains. Key points • The strain specific P requirements of Mucoromycota depend on the nature of N source. • Yeast extract leads to consistent biomass and lipid yield and fatty acids profiles. • Umbelopsis vinacea showed the highest biomass (22 g/L) and lipid (14 g/L) yield. • High P source amounts inhibit the growth of Mortierella fungi. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00253-020-10821-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of phosphorus source and the nature of nitrogen substrate on the biomass production and lipid accumulation in oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi

Dzurendová

Zimmermann

Tafintseva

et al. 2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Human population density is highest in the coastal zone, which accounts for close to 27% of Brazil's population (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2011). This has contributed to the scaling up of anthropogenic stressors on coastal ecosystems, including excessive fishing effort (Frédou, Ferreira, & Letourneur, ), untreated sewage discharge (Pinheiro et al, ), and the installation of industrial and harbour complexes (Pinheiro et al, ). Deep‐sea ecosystems also face increasing threats from extractive offshore activities, such as large‐scale fishing, mining, and oil and gas production (Almada & Bernardino, ; Pinheiro et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands

Vilar

Magris

Loyola

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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Most of the world's nations adopted the 20 Aichi global biodiversity targets to be met by 2020, including the protection of at least 10% of their coastal and marine areas (Target 11) and the avoidance of extinction of threatened species (Target 12). However, reconciling these biodiversity targets with socio‐economic demands remains a great dilemma for implementing conservation policies. In this paper, Aichi Targets 11 and 12 were simultaneously addressed using Brazil's exclusive economic zone as an example. Priority areas for expanding the current system of marine protected areas within the country's eight marine ecoregions were identified with data on threatened vertebrates under different scenarios. Additionally, the potential effects of major socio‐economic activities (small‑ and large‐scale fishing, seabed mining, and oil and gas exploration) on the representation of conservation features in proposed marine protected areas were explored. Areas selected for expanding marine protected areas solely based on biodiversity data were different (spatial overlap from 62% to 93%) from areas prioritized when socio‐economic features were incorporated into the analysis. The addition of socio‐economic data in the prioritization process substantially decreased opportunity costs and potential conservation conflicts, at the cost of reducing significantly (up to 31%) the coverage of conservation features. Large‑ and small‐scale fisheries act in most of the exclusive economic zone and are the major constraints for protecting high‐priority areas. Nevertheless, there is some spatial mismatch between areas of special relevance for conservation and socio‐economic activities, suggesting an opportunity for reconciling the achievement of biodiversity targets and development goals within the intricate Brazilian seascape by 2020 and beyond.

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“…Likewise, of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets originally defined for 2020, only four show good progress. The large majority remain un-met [63][64][65]. Further, the Aichi Biodiversity Target to protect 17 percent of terrestrial land and inland water by 2020 was set in a political, rather than scientific process, and is likely too low for safety [66].…”

Section: Reform and Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part II: Motivation and Strategy

Boik¹

2020

Preprint

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Climate change, biodiversity loss, and other social and environmental problems pose grave risks. Progress so far has been incremental and insufficient, and as a result scientists, global policy experts, and the general public increasingly conclude that bold change is required across all sectors of society. At least two kinds of bold change are conceivable: reform of existing societal systems (e.g., financial, economic, legal, and governance systems), including their institutions, policies, rules, and priorities; and transformation, understood as the de novo development of and migration to new, improved systems. This paper is the second in a series of three that together propose a novel science-driven research and development program aimed at societal transformation. Moreover, the series advances a conceptual framework and formal mechanics by which societal transformation might be approached. Two of the underlying hypotheses are that new societal systems can be developed in a science-driven process to be fit for purpose, and system fitness can be compared across designs. Societies are viewed as superorganisms, and systems are viewed as a societal cognitive architecture. The first paper in the series provides definitions, aims, hypotheses, and a worldview. This paper discusses motivations, the role of science in societal transformation, a theory of change, and fitness metrics. The proposed R&amp;D program and theory of change are sound, viable, and affordable. The local-global-viral strategy invites the global science community to play a unique co-leadership role with local communities in the development, testing, and monitoring of new societal systems. Systems are implemented via a novel civic club model, where participation is voluntary. Clubs grow and replicate based on merit and aided by club networks, whose systems are also viewed as societal cognitive architectures. Benefits of the program and strategy are discussed.

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Hope and doubt for the world's marine ecosystems

Cited by 21 publications

References 42 publications

The influence of phosphorus source and the nature of nitrogen substrate on the biomass production and lipid accumulation in oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi

The influence of phosphorus source and the nature of nitrogen substrate on the biomass production and lipid accumulation in oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi

Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands

Science-Driven Societal Transformation, Part II: Motivation and Strategy

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