Hop Horse-Image Authentication Scheme

Fouad, Mona A. M.; Mansour, Ahmed Mokhtar A.

doi:10.14257/ijmue.2015.10.5.08

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Huang et al [5] focus on medical images using specific EXIF metadata as watermark and BCH codes for the retrieval of the extracted data, performing the embedding into the middle frequency coefficients of each 8x8 pixel non-overlapped DCT block, resulting in an average PSNR value of 45dB; the authentication is performed by comparing modifications in the different extracted watermark strings. In [6], a spatial domain watermarking method is proposed, where the watermark is a hash generated from the histogram of the grayscale image, which is embedded directly into the pixels of the host image. Authentication is performed by comparing the embedded hash with the recalculated one; however, such a watermark is fragile, it is not robust against to some non-intentional or intentional attacks such as JPEG compression.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel semi-fragile color image watermarking authentication scheme using EXIF metadata

Ortega-Rebollo,

Ponomaryov,

Reyes-Reyes

et al. 2023

Real-Time Processing of Image, Depth and Video Information 2023

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With the growth of digital data, its protection has become a requirement to dissemination it through telecommunication networks. Nowadays, people can easily generate, edit, and share images with their own electronic devices using applications or software to process them. For this reason, in some cases, it is necessary to prove the authenticity of digital images. This paper proposes a semi-fragile color image watermarking scheme for authentication. The proposed scheme embeds EXIF (EXchangeable Image File) metadata of an image as a digital watermark using the LSB method into the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients. EXIF metadata stores relevant information from the image and the digital camera to organize and classify them, such as date, time information, camera settings, and image characteristics. The embedding algorithm is performed by modifying only one mid-frequency coefficient in each eight-by-eight nonoverlapped block of the DCT, which offers a significant advantage in reduced processing time. The experimental results demonstrate a watermark imperceptibility according to the objective quality measures PSNR and SSIM values of the watermarked image (43 dB and 0.99, respectively). Additionally, the EXIF metadata can be extracted with 99% accuracy using a completely blind extraction process; it is performed without the original image, original watermark, original camera, or any other derivative information. The simulation results of the proposed method in parallel implementation (multicore CPU and GPU) have shown effective real-time implementation of image watermarking.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%