“…While age differences in spatial abilities were of primary interest in the current study, we also wanted to determine whether any sex differences that we presented in our data, given the previous work, suggested that males perform better than females on a variety of spatial processing measures [49]. To determine whether there were differences between the age groups and sexes, on the neuropsychological assessments included in the study, we ran two 2 (Age: younger, older) × 2 (Sex: male, female) ANOVAS separately, for the performance on the Hooper Visual Orientation test [45] and on the Santa Barbara Sense-of-Direction scale [47]. The analysis on the Hooper Visual Organization performance revealed a main effect of Age, F (1, 40) = 26.12, MSE = 0.26, p < 0.001, and η 2 = 0.40, such that the scores were higher for younger than for older adults, but there was no effect of Sex, F (1, 40) = 2.09, MSE = 0.02, p = 0.16, η 2 = 0.05.…”