Hookworms (Uncinaria lucasi) and acanthocephalans (Corynosoma spp. and Bolbosoma spp.) found in dead northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska in 2007

Ioniţă, Mariana; Varela, Martín García; Lyons, E. T.; Spraker, Terry R.; Tolliver, S. C.

doi:10.1007/s00436-008-1087-0

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Corynosoma strumosum was initially described by Rudolphi (1802) from harbor seal (Phoca vitulina Linnaeus). Th is species was also reported in various marine mammals, terrestrial carnivores and aquatic birds throughout the Arctic, Pacifi c and At- lantic Oceans, and in the Caspian Sea (Delyamure, 1955;Dailey & Brownell, 1972;Shults, 1982;Yurakhno, 1998;Nickol et al, 2002;Ionita et al, 2008;Amin et al, 2011). Morphologically, our specimens of C. strumosum are consistent with the original description of the species.…”

Section: Corynosoma Lühe 1904supporting

confidence: 87%

New Records on Acanthocephalans from California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) from California, USA

Lisitsyna¹,

Kudlai²,

Spraker³

et al. 2018

Vestnik Zoologii

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To increase the currently limited knowledge addressing acanthocephalans parasitizing California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), 33 animals including pups, juvenile and adult males and females from the Marine Mammal Center (TMMC), Sausalito, California, USA were examined. Totally, 2,268 specimens of acanthocephalans representing five species from the genera Andracantha (A. phalacrocoracis and Andracantha sp.), Corynosoma (C. strumosum and C. obtuscens) and Profilicollis (P. altmani) were found. Profilicollis altmani and A. phalacrocoracis, predominantly parasitize fish-eating birds; they were registered in Z. californianus for the first time. Prevalence and intensity of California sea lion infection and transmission of acanthocephalans in these hosts of different age groups were analyzed and discussed. We provide brief morphological descriptions of the five species of acanthocephalan found in California sea lions.

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Section: Corynosoma Lühe 1904supporting

confidence: 87%

New Records on Acanthocephalans from California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) from California, USA

Lisitsyna¹,

Kudlai²,

Spraker³

et al. 2018

Vestnik Zoologii

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“…Comparison of current fi ndings on prevalence of U. lucasi in dead NFS pups with published data from similar studies (Olsen, 1958;Lyons, 1963;Lyons et al, 2000;Ionita et al, 2008;Lyons et al, 2012) revealed decrease of hookworm prevalence during last decades (fi g. 5).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Prevalence of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Ancylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska

Lyons¹,

Kuzmina²,

Carie³

et al. 2014

Vestnik Zoologii

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Prevalence of Hookworms, Uncinaria lucasi (Anсylostomatidae), in Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Lyons, E. T., Kuzmina, T. A., Carie, J. L., Tolliver, S. C., Spraker, T. R. -Review of main studies on biology and ecology of the hookworm Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901 performed on St. Paul Island, Alaska, is presented. Current data on prevalence of adult hookworms parasitizing northern fur seals (NFS), Callorhinus ursinus Linnaeus, 1758, were obtained based on the examination of the intestines of dead NFS pups and subadult 3-4 year-old males in July and August of 2011-2013. In addition, blubber samples collected from subadult NFS males were examined for parasitic third stage hookworm larvae (L 3 ). All current data were compared with previously published studies performed in 1950s -1960s. Current prevalence of U. lucasi in dead pups collected from Reef Rookery was 4.9 % in 2011, 0 % in 2012 and 10.5 % in 2013. Th is rookery has a rocky substrate. On sandy rookeries prevalence was up to 75 % on Morjovi Rookery and 50 % on Vostochni Rookery. Parasitic L 3 were recovered in 2.5 % of subadult males examined in 2013. Decreasing prevalence of hookworm infection of dead pups and subadult males during the last several years follows the tremendous decline in the number of fur seals in the herd on St. Paul Island during last several decades. Распространение анкилостом, Uncinaria lucasi (Anсylostomatidae), у северных морских котиков (Callorhinus ursinus) на острове Св. Павла, Аляска. Лайонс E. T., Кузьмина T. A., Карие Дж. Л., Толливер Ш. К., Спрейкер T. Р. -Представлен обзор основных исследованний по биологии и экологии анкилостомы Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901, проведенных на о. Св. Павла, Аляска. Данные об экстенсивности инвазии северных морских котиков (NFS), Callorhinus ursinus Linnaeus, 1758, взрослыми анкилостомами были получены при исследовании кишечников погибших щенков северного морского котика, а также молодых самцов (возраст 3-4 года) с июля по август 2011-2013 гг. Кроме кишечников, на наличие паразитических личинок унцинарий 3-й стадии (L 3 ) были собраны и исследованы пробы брюшного жира от молодых самцов. Экстенсивность инвазии (ЭИ) щенков котиков унцинариями на лежбище Риф с каменистым субстратом составляла 4,9 % в 2011 г., 0 % -в 2012 г. и 10,5 % -в 2013 г.; в то время как на песчаных лежбищах ЭИ была намного больше (75 % на лежбище Моржовое и 50 % на лежбище Восточное). Паразитические личинки L 3 были обнаружены в 2013 г. в 2,5 % проб от молодых самцов. Результаты сравнения наших данных с данными исследований 1950-1960-х гг. показали, что продолжающаяся тенденция по снижению ЭИ унцинарий в кишечниках погибших щенков и в брюшном жире молодых самцов северного морского котика является результатом снижения численности популяции северных морских ко-тиков на о. Св. Павла за последние десятилетия. К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: анкилостомы, Uncinaria lucasi, северный морской котик, Callorhinus ursinus, о. Св. Павла, Аляска.

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“…Interestingly, in C. cetaceum , C. hamanni and C. pseudohamanni , the inward secondary folding that is generated by the Ds results in a complete ring (Fig. 9b; see also figure 1a in Ionita et al [19]), whilst in species with a more eccentric placement of the neck, only a posterior semi-circular fold can be formed due to space limitation for D3 and D4 (see figure 1c, d in Ionita et al [19]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, performance and attachment function in Corynosoma spp. (Acanthocephala)

2018

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BackgroundFunctional inference on the attachment of acanthocephalans has generally been drawn directly from morphology. However, performance of structures is often non-intuitive and context-dependent, thus performance analysis should be included whenever possible to improve functional interpretation. In acanthocephalans, performance analysis of attachment is available only for Acanthocephalus ranae, a species that solely relies on the proboscis to attach. Here we compare body morphology and muscle arrangement in 13 species of Corynosoma, which use their spiny body as a fundamental holdfast. A basic performance analysis using live cystacanths of two representative species is also provided.MethodsAdults of 13 Corynosoma spp. were obtained from 11 marine mammal species. Specimens were cut and carefully cleaned to examine muscle arrangement through light and scanning electron microscopy. Live cystacanths of C. australe and C. cetaceum were selected for performance analysis. Video records of evagination-invagination cycles of the proboscis were obtained and analysed with a video editor.ResultsThe basic arrangement of proboscis retractors, trunk circular and longitudinal muscles, neck retractors and receptacle retractors, was conserved in all Corynosoma species. Interspecific variability was found in the relative development of disk muscles: minimum in C. enhydri, maximum in C. cetaceum; the distal insertion of the ventral neck retractor: ventro-lateral in C. cetaceum, C. hamannni and C. pseudohamanni and ventral in the other species; and the distal insertion of the receptacle retractors: more proximal in species with a longer hindtrunk. Performance analysis indicated striking similarities to that described for A. ranae except that (i) the foretrunk bends ventrally during the evagination-invagination cycles of the proboscis; (ii) disk muscles can flatten the tip of the foretrunk regardless of these cycles; and (iii) the receptacle bends ventrally and is driven to the hindtrunk by coordinated action of receptacle retractors.ConclusionsSpecies of Corynosoma are able to use up to six holfast mechanisms. Attachment relies on a similar performance to that described for A. ranae. However, structural ventral bending of an inflated, spiny foretrunk, with a parallel re-arrangement of foretrunk muscles, have generated unexpected novel functions that make attachment extremely effective in species of Corynosoma. Interspecific variability in trunk shape and muscle arrangement grossly correlates with the rheological conditions each species experiences in their microhabitats within the gut of marine mammals.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3165-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Hookworms (Uncinaria lucasi) and acanthocephalans (Corynosoma spp. and Bolbosoma spp.) found in dead northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska in 2007

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

New Records on Acanthocephalans from California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) from California, USA

New Records on Acanthocephalans from California Sea Lions Zalophus californianus (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) from California, USA

Prevalence of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Ancylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska

Morphology, performance and attachment function in Corynosoma spp. (Acanthocephala)

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