Hookah, is it really harmless?

Abstract

The hookah is a snuff smoking device whose origin dates back to the fifteenth century, has been used extensively in the Middle East in recent decades has become popular in Western culture countries, particularly in Americas and Europe. It has been reported that like other forms smoking tobacco, their use can lead to addiction also is used for inhaling and other addictive substances. Has also been considered a risk factor for various isolated diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), different types of cancer, hemodynamic alterations, vascular disease, infectious diseases, among others. In pregnant women has been reported that there use condition a diminution on fetal growth and different diseases in the newborn. It was also mentioned that hookah smoke contains several toxic substances that can affect both, the primary and the passive smoker, so we did this review to determine the complications associated with its use.

A review of the health effects of smoking shisha

“…Often, shisha is smoked in large groups, rather than as individuals. 21 By sharing mouthpieces, various commensal and pathogenic organisms may be transmitted between the smokers through saliva. 21 Recently, shisha cafes provide a plastic disposable mouthpiece to every customer, which aims to limit the spread of communicable diseases.…”

“…21 By sharing mouthpieces, various commensal and pathogenic organisms may be transmitted between the smokers through saliva. 21 Recently, shisha cafes provide a plastic disposable mouthpiece to every customer, which aims to limit the spread of communicable diseases. The risk of infectious disease also increases due to the moist nature of shisha molasses, creating an environment that promotes growth of many different microorganisms.…”

“…The risk of infectious disease also increases due to the moist nature of shisha molasses, creating an environment that promotes growth of many different microorganisms. 21 Lastly, although well-run shisha cafes regularly wash their shisha pipes, the relatively rigid and complicated structure of the shisha apparatus makes it virtually impossible to effi ciently wash the internal aspects. 21 For example, TB may grow and survive on the internal surface of the shisha pipe and water, signifi cantly increasing risk of transmission.…”

“…21 Lastly, although well-run shisha cafes regularly wash their shisha pipes, the relatively rigid and complicated structure of the shisha apparatus makes it virtually impossible to effi ciently wash the internal aspects. 21 For example, TB may grow and survive on the internal surface of the shisha pipe and water, signifi cantly increasing risk of transmission. 22 In the Middle East, outbreaks of infectious disease have been correlated with shisha smoking.…”

Wasserpfeifenkonsum (Shisha-Rauchen) bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland

“…Dabei existiert mittlerweile eine Vielzahl von Studien, die einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Nutzung von Wasserpfeifen und gesundheitlichen Folgeschäden nahelegen [20][21][22][23]. Demnach unterliegen Personen, die regelmä-ßig Wasserpfeife rauchen, einem erhöh-ten Risiko für Lungenkrebs, Atemwegserkrankungen, Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten sowie Schädigungen der Mund-und Zahngesundheit [22].…”