We dedicate this work to Prof. Fritz Eckstein (MPI, Gçttingen) and Prof. Wojciech J. Stec (CMMS PAS, Łó dź ), who invented the phosphorothioate modification of nucleic acids, envisioned its many important applications, carefully elucidated its biochemical and stereochemical aspects, and fostered PS-Oligos over decades. We are very grateful to have had the honor and pleasure to develop our understanding of PS-Oligos through guidance by their papers and lectures, and through stimulating scientific discussions with these two great scientists.