Hongos formadores de micorrizas aislados a partir de raíces de la orquídea Rodriguezia granadensis (LINDL.) RCHB. F.

Romero-Salazar, Nilsa Ceneida; Galvis-Gratz, Johanna Marcela; López, Jenny Paola Moreno

doi:10.31910/rudca.v25.n1.2022.2086

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Such rapid diversification was also fuelled by the evolution of specific interactions with pollinators (e.g. Ackerman et al, 2023; Ramírez et al, 2011) and the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi necessary for germination and survival (McCormick et al, 2018; Romero‐Salazar et al, 2022), thus enabling speciation under either parapatric or peripatric processes (Pérez‐Escobar, Gottschling, et al, 2017). Since mycorrhizae are adapted to very specific substrate chemistry and conditions, as well as pollinators, the distribution of orchids might be strongly linked to those of their corresponding mycorrhiza and pollinators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral‐based processes overrule niche‐based processes in shaping tropical montane orchid communities across spatial scales

2023

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Tropical montane forests (TMF) are characterised by high endemism, species richness and turnover across elevations. A key question is how niche‐based processes, via adaptation of species to local environmental conditions, and neutral‐based processes from dispersal limitation shape community composition at different spatial scales across human‐modified landscapes. We expect that (1) communities are highly distinct even within the same habitat type and (2) niche‐based processes play the main role in compositional turnover. To address these expectations, we investigated the compositional turnover of orchids, one of the most prominent floristic elements of TMFs. We sampled orchids in 332 plots spanning over 270 km in the eastern Colombian Andes. Plots ranged between elevations of 1160–3750 m. We used two different spatial extents (whole gradient and two elevational bands), two grains of analysis for the first expectation (regional and local) and two spatial grains for the second expectation (broad and fine scales based on Moran's Eigenvector Maps [MEMs]). We found 331 orchid species in 171 (51%) plots. We found a strong pattern of high compositional turnover across scales (>72% of total beta diversity is given by species turnover), with 87.5% of the total species pool occurring in fewer than five plots, supporting our first expectation. Contrary to our second expectation, we found that community composition is mainly driven by geographical distance, while the relative influence of elevation, environmental variables and their combined fractions were negligible across habitats and spatial scales, rejecting niche‐based processes. Synthesis. High compositional turnover, even across habitats with the highest degree of human intervention, suggests that both forest‐dwelling and open‐habitat species do not easily disperse across habitats. Species dispersal is the major force of orchid community turnover and might be strongly dependent upon macroevolutionary processes and species life‐history traits over multiple scales. Dispersal limitation also draws attention to the importance of preserving habitat connectivity to halt biodiversity losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral‐based processes overrule niche‐based processes in shaping tropical montane orchid communities across spatial scales

2023

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“…Dispersal limitation is invoked in epiphytes because many species´ diaspores land very closely to their mother-plants (Acevedo et al, 2020;Cascante-Marín et al, 2009), and epiphyte communities present signalling of recruitment limitation and positive density dependence (Janzen et al, 2020) that might be involved in slow colonization events (Einzmann et al, 2021). Likewise, dispersal limitation might surge from tracking suitable conditions within forests due to the intrinsic dependency of some orchids to mycorrhizae colonies for germination that occur in clusters (McCormick et al, 2018;Romero-Salazar et al, 2022). Hence, fragmentation and edge density might further exacerbate epiphytes' intrinsic dispersal limitation by increasing seed mortality of juveniles and seedlings due to dry conditions (Benzing, 1998;Migenis & Ackerman, 1993;Mondragón et al, 2015;Winkler et al, 2005), and forest-dependent species experiencing high mortality in human-modified habitats (Scheffknecht et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Effects Of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation On Epiphytic C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial extent predicts Andean epiphyte biodiversity responses to habitat loss and fragmentation across human‐modified landscapes

Parra‐Sanchez,

Edwards

2024

Journal of Biogeography

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AimHuman‐driven landscape processes such as habitat loss and fragmentation act on biodiversity, but their effects are mediated by the spatial scale at which they are observed. We aim to analyse the scale‐of‐effects (direction and spatial extent) of landscape‐scale processes that best explain species richness and abundance across epiphyte communities.LocationNeotropics, Northern Andes, Colombia, Eastern cordillera.TaxonVascular epiphytes, Orchidaceae.MethodsWe used field data to unravel the scale‐of‐effect of three landscape processes—habitat loss (forest cover), fragmentation (number of patches) and edge effects (edge density)—on epiphyte biodiversity. Vascular epiphytes were sampled in the understorey across 141 plots within 23 Andean forests in the eastern Colombian cordillera We focused on the community‐level responses (species richness and total abundance) of the hyperdiverse vascular epiphyte communities using generalized linear mixed models to quantify the direction and the spatial extent of the scale‐of‐effects.ResultsHabitat loss and edge effects act at fine spatial extents (scale‐of‐effects = 200 m), predicting low species richness and abundance across groups. Likewise, fragmentation negatively impacts communities, but operates at larger spatial extents (scale‐of‐effects = 2000–2400 m radius). The detection of these effects is contingent upon the spatial extent and specific landscape processes involved. Models of habitat loss within a spatial extent of 800–1500 m (large confidence intervals), fragmentation below 300 m, and edge effects above 800 m show weak statistical support (marginal r2 = 0.02–0.1). Thus, the impacts of these landscape processes may be overlooked if studied at inadequate spatial extents.Main ConclusionsWe showed that habitat loss, fragmentation and edge effects all play a negative role on understorey epiphytic communities, but their detectability is scale dependant. The scale‐of‐effects can assist landscape designs that are beneficial for epiphytic communities, by preserving forest cover, and reducing fragmentation and exposure to edge effects at small scales (200–300 m). Conversely, landscape‐scale actions directed at reducing habitat loss and fragmentation function at larger spatial extents (>2000 m). Selecting a priori or inadequate spatial extents of analysis can obscure the detectability of landscape processes.

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Hongos formadores de micorrizas aislados a partir de raíces de la orquídea Rodriguezia granadensis (LINDL.) RCHB. F.

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Neutral‐based processes overrule niche‐based processes in shaping tropical montane orchid communities across spatial scales

Neutral‐based processes overrule niche‐based processes in shaping tropical montane orchid communities across spatial scales

Spatial extent predicts Andean epiphyte biodiversity responses to habitat loss and fragmentation across human‐modified landscapes

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