Honeycomb-like pH-responsive γ-cyclodextrin electrospun particles for highly efficient tumor therapy

Transferrin-Conjugated pH-Responsive γ-Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles for Antitumoral Topotecan Delivery

“…Chlorin e6 (Ce6) was purchased from Frontier Scientific Inc. (Logan, UT, USA). γCDP (γCD conjugated with PA) and Mal-functionalized PEG were synthesized as described in detail our previous reports [16,27]. .…”

“…Under a humidified standard chamber (MCO-19AIC, Sanyo Electric Corp., Osaka, Japan) at 37 • C with 5% CO 2 atmosphere, the tumor cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Prior to the testing, the cells (1 × 10 6 cells/mL) were harvested using a 0.25% trypsin (w/v) and 0.03% EDTA solution (w/v) and then cultured in a well plate [16,[23][24][25].…”

“…Therefore, recent research has concentrated on exploiting stimulus-responsive multifunctional drug-carrying platforms that effectively recognize site-spatial tumor environments and exhibit excellent endosomal-escaping ability [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Indeed, considering the potential in vitro/in vivo antitumor efficiency of these systems, the design and development of pH-responsive endosomolytic drug-carrying particles may guarantee relatively high antitumor efficiency, even if tumor environments possess an inherently unpredictable complexity [1][2][3][4][5]16].…”

“…In this study, we developed pH-responsive γ-cyclodextrin (γCD)-based nanoparticles (NPs) for delivery of topotecan (TPT, as a model antitumor drug) ( Figure 1a). First, we prepared γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) conjugated with phenylacetic acid (PA, as a hydrophobic moiety) [16][17][18][19][20][21], denoted as γCDP. The resulting γCDP was subsequently coupled with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMA, as a pH-responsive moiety) [22,23], poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, as a colloidal stabilizer) [6,7,24], and transferrin (Tf, as a target protein for Tf receptor-positive tumor cells) [2,6,[25][26][27] (Figure 1b), denoted as γCDP-(DMA/PEG-Tf).…”

“…We also fabricated γCDP-(DMA/PEG-Tf) NPs through the self-assembly of PEG and Tf on a nanoparticular shell and DMA-conjugated γCDP on a porous core ( Figure 1a). It is well known that γCD with a toroid-like structure is biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic, and it exhibits an attractive affinity for small molecules (e.g., TPT) [8,[16][17][18]. In addition, DMA coupled with γCDP can electrostatically interact with cationic TPT molecules [15], resulting in leading high TPT encapsulation in porous channels of γCDP.…”