Honeycomb-like active microswarms for magnetically tunable cascade enzyme catalysis

Guo, Ruirui; Liu, Dong; Huang, Yanjie; Wang, Bin; Dong, Jian; Lu, Yuan

doi:10.1039/d2nr00927g

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…At the same time, micro/nanorobots as a whole can enhance the ability to perform delivery tasks, such as transporting and manipulating large cargoes. , Flexible shape shifts also make them more adaptable to complex environments to reach their targets at high speeds . These miniature nanorobot populations offer great potential in biomedical applications, such as biocatalysis, , in vivo imaging, − and micromanipulation, − and have become the most active research area in recent years, especially in targeted delivery. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporally Actuated Hydrogel by Magnetic Swarm Nanorobotics

et al. 2022

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Magnetic nanorobotic swarms can mimic collective functions of organisms in nature and be programmed for flexible spatiotemporal control. In this work, different assemblies of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) swarms were constructed. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels were used as carriers to fix the distribution and ensure the stability of the swarm structure and the biocompatibility of the microrobot. Under three different outfield assembly strategies (gravitational field, gradient magnetic field, and uniform magnetic field), six different assembly modes of MNP are encapsulated (three unilateral unfolding assemblies with different microsphere profiles, unilateral chain assembly, and two symmetric chain assemblies with different magnetic chain positions). Their differences in the execution of motion, magnetothermal effects, and release of loaded DOX drugs were explored. The results showed that the symmetrical chain assembly with the magnetic chain distributed on the outside showed the best performance due to the advantage of the magnetic moment. It has a speed of up to 600 μm/s and a temperature rise rate of up to 1.5 °C/ min. The present work provides an excellent solution to the poor MNP cluster distribution stability problem and enriches the assembly control scheme of microrobots in medical, catalytic, and three-dimensional-printing fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporally Actuated Hydrogel by Magnetic Swarm Nanorobotics

et al. 2022

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“…These two microreaction models are typical of reactions in diagnostic testing and biomanufacturing, respectively. Some micro/nanorobots have been reported to enhance microreactions; for example, honeycomb-like magnetic nanoparticles were used as enzyme carriers to enhance catalytic reactions . However, such enhancement processes were often uncontrollable (the amount of enzyme loading was difficult to quantify) and primarily applied in the field of catalysis for intensification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…External field control enables micro/nanorobots to follow preprogrammed motions . They can pass through tiny rooms because of their relatively small size, promising to perform complex tasks in microreactive systems or biological environments with minimal disruption, and they also show potential applications in microfluidics. − Therefore, stirring tasks performed by magnetic-field-driven micro/nanorobots may be a convenient option. At the same time, using the photothermal conversion effect to input light energy into the reaction system to increase the temperature of the system can increase the number of activated molecules in the reaction system; on the other hand, the increase in the temperature accelerates the thermal movement of molecules and increases the number of effective collisions between molecules, thus accelerating the movement of molecules in the reaction system and achieving the purpose of strengthening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some micro/nanorobots have been reported to enhance microreactions; for example, honeycomb-like magnetic nanoparticles were used as enzyme carriers to enhance catalytic reactions. 26 However, such enhancement processes were often uncontrollable (the amount of enzyme loading was difficult to quantify) and primarily applied in the field of catalysis for intensification. Here, the development of a dual magnetic−temperature control platform could offer a novel, convenient, and broadly applicable method for microreaction enhancement.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photothermally Modulated Magnetic Nanochains as Swarm Nanorobotics for Microreaction Control

Liao

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The intensification of microreactions is important for biological and chemical reactions with microliter volumes as reaction units, including microliter bioassay or protein synthesis. At the micro/nanoscale, the fluid flow is usually located in the laminar region, making the interaction between different layers of material more difficult. In the absence of external intervention, the microscale transport of substances is dominated by passive diffusion, leading to a lower mixing efficiency and longer reaction times, which is disadvantageous for reactions requiring timeliness, such as microliter bioassays. Therefore, the intensification of microreactions is essential. Here, a dual magnetic–photothermal microreaction control platform was created, based on the cooperative roles of a close-loop photothermally controlled magnetically active nanoswarm (PMANS) as a nanostir for quick fluid mixing and as a nanoheating agent for the reaction solution. The platform was demonstrated to be enhanced for microreactions by using the glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase cascade and cell-free synthetic superfolder green fluorescent protein reactions, which are typical in the fields of diagnostic testing and biomanufacturing, respectively. The rotational motion of the PMANS is controlled by the magnetic field to achieve efficient and homogeneous mixing of fluids at the microscale. On the other hand, the PMANS is used to heat the reaction system through light control. The construction of a dual magnetic–temperature control platform provided a new strategy for microreaction enhancement that was convenient, controllable, and broadly applicable. This control platform has great potential for microscale reaction enhancement in detection, sensing, catalysis, and synthesis.

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“…To date, different types of external fields have been applied to actuate micro/nanoagents (Figure ), including magnetic, − electric, − optical, − and acoustic fields. − In addition to these fields, chemical reaction − and topographical patterns − have also been investigated to power and guide the agents, respectively. Existing reviews have focused on individual micro/nanoagents, including their evolution, fabrication and functionalization, − modeling and motion control, − biomedical applications, − and environmental applications. − Compared with a single agent, micro/nanorobotic swarms have higher robustness (e.g., higher tolerance to the failure of a few agents), higher motion dexterity and flexibility, and better scalability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Micro/Nanorobotic Swarms: From Fundamentals to Functionalities

Law

Tang

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the principles of natural swarms and leverage them for creating artificial swarms. To date, the underlying physics; techniques for actuation, navigation, and control; fieldgeneration systems; and a research community are now in place. This Review reviews the fundamental principles and applications of micro/ nanorobotic swarms. The generation mechanisms of the emergent collective behaviors among the micro/nanoagents identified over the past two decades are elucidated. The advantages and drawbacks of different techniques, existing control systems, major challenges, and potential prospects of micro/nanorobotic swarms are discussed.

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Honeycomb-like active microswarms for magnetically tunable cascade enzyme catalysis

Abstract: Magnetic-field-tunable catalytic performance in a physically controlled manner has received increasing attentions. However, the controllability of magnetic field over cascade enzyme catalytic performance considering the collective behaviors of nanocatalysts has...

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Spatiotemporally Actuated Hydrogel by Magnetic Swarm Nanorobotics

Spatiotemporally Actuated Hydrogel by Magnetic Swarm Nanorobotics

Photothermally Modulated Magnetic Nanochains as Swarm Nanorobotics for Microreaction Control

Micro/Nanorobotic Swarms: From Fundamentals to Functionalities

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