Homotypic antibody responses to fresh clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus

Montefiori, David C.; Zhou, Ji; Barnes, Brenda; Lake, Douglas F.; Hersh, E.; Masuho, Yasuhiko; Lefkowitz, Lewis B.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(91)90604-a

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As shown in Table 2, approximately half of the isolates were susceptible to autologous 75% neutralization, similar to data reported for other primary HIV-1 isolates [18,[23][24][25], although the autologous neutralization of the B 00 -variant isolates was slightly higher than that observed for the B-subtype isolates. The low number of F-subtype isolates available for neutralization analyses does not allow an effective comparison with the other two HIV-1 subtypes studied.…”

Section: Susceptibility To Autologous Neutralizationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Neutralization Susceptibility of B Subtype Variant B′′ Primary HIV‐1 Isolates

Bongertz

et al. 1998

Scand J Immunol

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Susceptibility to autologous and heterologous neutralization of primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 isolates belonging to subtype B, to the B′′‐variant of subtype B or to subtype F from infected individuals residing in Rio de Janeiro was assayed. A lower infectivity of the B′′‐ and F isolates when compared to the classical B‐subtype HIV‐1 isolates was observed. Comparisons of neutralization susceptibilities were carried out for 19 B‐subtype, 11 B′′‐variant and two F‐subtype HIV‐1 isolates with plasma from autologous and heterologous samples. Frequency of autologous neutralization was slightly lower for B‐subtype isolates in comparison to B′′‐variant isolates. Heterologous intra‐subtype neutralization was significantly lower for B‐subtype than for the B′′‐variant or the F‐subtype isolates. While B‐subtype isolates were neutralized by most anti‐F‐subtype plasma, F‐subtype isolates, although most susceptible to F‐subtype antibodies, were highly susceptible to neutralization by anti‐B‐subtype antibodies. Cross‐neutralization for B′′‐variant and B‐subtype isolates was not as extensive as observed for B‐ and F‐subtype isolates. However, the results presented indicate a quite extensive cross‐neutralization between Brazilian HIV‐1 isolates.

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Section: Susceptibility To Autologous Neutralizationsupporting

confidence: 72%

Neutralization Susceptibility of B Subtype Variant B′′ Primary HIV‐1 Isolates

Bongertz

et al. 1998

Scand J Immunol

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“…Neutralizing antibody responses against autologous HIV-1 were reported first by Weiss in 1986 (9), and several later studies have suggested that its appearance is slow to develop and of low titer (2,4,5). Neutralization escape of HIV has been reported in limited cases (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15); however, many studies of autologous neutralizing antibody after primary HIV infection stress the low or absent responses with only infrequent examples of escape (5,(16)(17)(18). We report here that in most patients, potent neutralizing antibody responses are generated early after infection, at first to the autologous infecting HIV variant and then to subsequent variants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…An aliquot of each transformation was plated onto agar, and colony counts were used to estimate the number of envelope sequences represented in each pCXAS-env library (generally 500-5,000 clones). Sequence analysis of individual pCXAS-env clones (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) was used to verify the heterogeneous composition (i.e., quasispecies) of pCXAS-env libraries. Virus particles containing patient virus envelope proteins were produced by cotransfecting HEK293 cells with pCXAS-env libraries plus an HIV genomic vector that contains a firefly luciferase indicator gene (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection

Richman¹,

Wrin²,

Little³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,081

1,088

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A recombinant virus assay was used to characterize in detail neutralizing antibody responses directed at circulating autologous HIV in plasma. Examining serial plasma specimens in a matrix format, most patients with primary HIV infection rapidly generated significant neutralizing antibody responses to early (0 -39 months) autologous viruses, whereas responses to laboratory and heterologous primary strains were often lower and delayed. Plasma virus continually and rapidly evolved to escape neutralization, indicating that neutralizing antibody exerts a level of selective pressure that has been underappreciated based on earlier, less comprehensive characterizations. These data argue that neutralizing antibody responses account for the extensive variation in the envelope gene that is observed in the early months after primary HIV infection.

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“…Although it has been known for nearly half a century that escape mutants can be isolated using immune serum, they have emerged only after prolonged passage of viruses in vitro and usually with highly selected fractions of antiserum (influenza virus: Archetti & Horsfall, 1950;Isaacs, 1951;Laver & Webster, 1968;Fazekas de St Groth, 1978) or low concentrations of antiserum (foot-and-mouth disease virus: Rojas et al, 1992, HIV-I: Reitz et al, 1988McKeating et al, 1994) or in vivo where vaccination resulted in subprotective immunity (footand-mouth disease virus: Hyslop & Fagg, 1965, hepatitis B virus: Carman et al, 1990Harrison et al, 1991;Harrison & Zuckerman, 1992, 1993, treatment of persistent hepatitis B infection with MAb (McMahon et al, 1992), or during persistent infection (HIV-1 : Albert et al, 1990;Arendrup et al, 1992Arendrup et al, , 1993Nara et al, 1990a, b;Tremblay & Wainberg, 1990;Montefiori et al, 1991;Watkins et al, 1993;Schreiber et al, 1994). The favoured explanation of our data is that the mouse antisera capable of selecting escape mutants are functionally monoclonal; that is they contain a majority of neutralizing HA-specific, site A-specific antibodies whose epitope(s) overlap with that recognized by HC2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization escape mutants of type A influenza virus are readily selected by antisera from mice immunized with whole virus: a possible mechanism for antigenic drift

Lambkin

McLain

Jones

et al. 1994

Journal of General Virology

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It is not fully understood how antigenic drift of the haemagglutinin of type A influenza virus in man occurs in the presence of the expected polyclonal antibody response to the five antigenic sites, A to E. Here we show that 12 % (11/92) of sera from mice which had mounted a secondary immune response to inactivated influenza virus were able to select escape mutants. No escape mutant was selected with serum from nonimmunized mice (0/65). Selection required only a single passage, and escape mutants were identified by their reaction with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs); all but one had altered reactivity at site A. Most of the site A escape mutants (7/10) were conventional in character and did not react in haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) or neutralization assays with the identifying MAb. The HA genes of three of these were part sequenced and had a predicted single amino acid substitution (Gly-144 ~ Glu) in site A. The other escape mutants (3/10) had a small (2-fold) reduction in HI and neutralization to the site A MAb, but no amino acid substitution in site A. The final mutant was a conventional site B escape mutant. To model antisera which selected escape mutants, we constructed 'pseudo-immune sera' using mixtures of two neutralizing MAbs in which the first MAb was held at a constant high concentration (1000 HIU/ml). Escape mutants could be selected to the first MAb when the titre of the second MAb was reduced to a low but still inhibiting concentration (1 to 3 HIU/ml). Mixtures of three MAbs also selected escape mutants with similar facility provided that the second and third MAbs were reduced to a similar low concentration. Thus it is possible that the ability of an antiserum to select escape mutants is due to the neutralizing antibody response being biased to an epitope/cross-reacting epitopes within a single antigenic site. However, when escape mutants were reacted in HI assay with their selecting antiserum, the maximum difference from the titre with wt virus was 75 %. The findings of this study may be relevant to the understanding of antigenic drift in type A human influenza virus, and to immune-driven antigenic variation in other virus infections.

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Homotypic antibody responses to fresh clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Neutralization Susceptibility of B Subtype Variant B′′ Primary HIV‐1 Isolates

Neutralization Susceptibility of B Subtype Variant B′′ Primary HIV‐1 Isolates

Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection

Neutralization escape mutants of type A influenza virus are readily selected by antisera from mice immunized with whole virus: a possible mechanism for antigenic drift

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