Homologous Gold Nanoparticles and Nanoclusters Composites with Enhanced Surface Raman Scattering and Metal Fluorescence for Cancer Imaging

Abstract

A large number of deaths from cancer can be attributed to the lack of effective early-stage diagnostic techniques. Thus, accurate and effective early diagnosis is a major research goal worldwide. With the unique phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), plasmonic nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention for applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). Both SERS and MEF are ultra-sensitive methods for the detection and identification of early tumor at molecular level. To combine the merits of the fast and accurate imaging of MEF and the stable and clear imaging of SERS, we propose a novel dual functional imaging nanoprobe based on gold nanoparticles and gold nanocluster composites (denoted AuNPC-RGD). The gold nanoparticles are used as LSPR substrates to realized enhancement of Raman or fluorescence signal, while the gold nanoclusters serve as a fluorophore for MEF imaging, and exhibit better biocompatibility and stability. Furthermore, target molecule of cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) is incorporated into the composite to improve delivery efficiency, selectivity and imaging accuracy. These integrated properties endow AuNPC-RGD composites with outstanding biocompatibility and excellent imaging abilities, which could be used to achieve accurate and effective diagnosis for early cancer.

Stimuli-Responsive Codelivery System Self-Assembled from in Situ Dynamic Covalent Reaction of Macrocyclic Disulfides for Cancer Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Chemotherapy

“…Obviously, it is of the utmost importance to investigate the application of the codelivery system in diagnosis and therapy. Thereby, cRGD with high binding affinity to the α v β 3 integrin upregulated in tumor endothelial cells was conjugated onto the codelivery system to target hepatocellular carcinoma . We have characterized the physicochemical properties of a targeting codelivery system (IO–DB-cRGD).…”

“…Thereby, cRGD with high binding affinity to the α v β 3 integrin upregulated in tumor endothelial cells was conjugated onto the codelivery system to target hepatocellular carcinoma. 46 We have characterized the physicochemical properties of a targeting codelivery system (IO−DB-cRGD). In Figure 3a− c, it was found that the hydrodynamic diameter of the IO−DB-cRGD was about 112.07 ± 1.27 nm, which was significantly larger than the 80 nm size in the TEM image (Figure 3a) due to hydrophilic interaction.…”

Surface‐Enhanced Raman Probes Based on Gold Nanomaterials for in vivo Diagnosis and Imaging

“…Gold nanomaterials have attracted great interest for biological and chemical sensing applications due to their unique optical, chemical, electrical, and catalytic properties [63–64] . The absorption wavelengths of gold nanomaterials were considered to change with different morphologies of nanoparticles in the full spectral range due to the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects.…”

“…Gold nanomaterials have attracted great interest for biological and chemical sensing applications due to their unique optical, chemical, electrical, and catalytic properties. [63][64] The absorption wavelengths of gold nanomaterials were considered to change with different morphologies of nanoparticles in the full spectral range due to the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. Besides, the LSPR also leads to a strong electric field on the surface of the gold nanostructure, which greatly enhances the optical signals that generated by molecules close to the surface (e. g., SERS).…”

The effect of peer education on management of chemotherapy side effects in patients with cancer

“…Cancer has become one of the most serious causes of disease-related death, accounting for about 15% of total human deaths every year. [ 1 ] In Iran, cancer is the third major cause of mortality and disability[ 2 ] Chemotherapy is an important component of treatment for many cancers. [ 3 ] The administration of chemotherapeutic drugs may have numerous short-term and long-term side effects.…”