It
is challenging while critical to develop efficient catalysts
that can achieve both high current density and high energy efficiency
for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2R). Herein,
we report a strategy of tailoring the surface electronic structure
of an Ag catalyst via thiol ligand modification to improve its intrinsic
activity, selectivity, and further energy efficiency toward CO2R. Specifically, interconnected Ag nanoparticles with residual
thiol ligands on the surface were prepared through electrochemical
activation of a thiol-ligand-based Ag complex. When it was used as
a catalyst for CO2R, the thiol-ligand modified Ag exhibited
high CO selectivity (>90%) throughout a wide electrode-potential
range;
furthermore, high cathodic energy efficiencies of >90% and >70%
were
obtained for CO formation at high current densities of 150 and 750
mA cm–2, respectively, outperforming the state-of-the-art
Ag-based electrocatalysts for CO2 to CO conversion. The
first-principle calculations on the reaction energetics suggest that
the binding energies of the key intermediate −*COOH on Ag are
optimized by the adsorbed thiol ligand, thus favoring CO formation
while suppressing the competing H2 evolution. Our findings
provide a rational design strategy for CO2 reduction electrocatalyst
by electronic modulation through surface-adsorbed ligands.