Homograft immunity in pregnancy. Survival rates in rabbits born of ova transplanted into sensitized mothers

Lanman, Jonathan T.; Herod, Llewellyn; Fikrig, Senih

doi:10.1097/00007890-196411000-00022

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It has also been shown in mice that maternal immunity against the Y-antigen does not reduce the proportion of male progeny (McLaren, 1962(McLaren, , 1965Eichwald, Wetzel, Lustgraaf & McCabe, 1964). Convincing evidence of the ability of the fetus to withstand the effects of an experimentally produced state of immunity in the mother is shown by the normal development of young from eggs trans¬ ferred to foster mother rabbits which had previously been sensitized, by several skin grafts, against both genetic parents (Lanman, Dinerstein & Fikrig, 1962;Lanman, Herod & Fikrig, 1964). The findings recorded here indicate an apparent susceptibility of the goat sheep hybrid embryo to the effects of maternal immunity, which is in contrast to the immunological privilege accorded to the normal fetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL IMMUNITY ON THE SURVIVAL OF GOATxSHEEP HYBRID EMBRYOS

McGovern¹

1973

Reproduction

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The survival of goat \ m=x\ sheep hybrid embryos in goats carrying hybrids for the first time was compared to that in goats which had carried hybrids in previous breeding seasons and in goats sensitized against sheep antigens. The findings on the goats carrying hybrids for the first time showed that embryonic death occurred during the 6th week of gestation; twelve live embryos (crown-rump lengths, 22 to 36 mm) were recovered from seven goats examined on Days 35 to 38 of pregnancy, and eight dead embryos (crown-rump lengths, 20 to 38 mm) were recovered from six goats at Days 38 to 43. The size of dead embryos (crown-rump lengths, 7 to 11 mm) recovered from four of five goats carrying hybrids for the second time suggests that survival did not extend much beyond the 3rd week of gestation. Six goats which had received skin grafts and injections of leucocytes from the sheep used for insemination were examined at Days 35 and 36 of pregnancy; live embryos (crown-rump lengths, 25 to 26 mm) were recovered from two goats, and dead embryos (crown-rump lengths, 10 to 16 mm) were recovered from four goats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL IMMUNITY ON THE SURVIVAL OF GOATxSHEEP HYBRID EMBRYOS

McGovern¹

1973

Reproduction

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“…In mice, however, blastocysts transferred to females immunized by skin grafts from the strain of mice serving as embryo donors developed normally in the uterus but not in the kidney (Kirby, Billington & James, 1966). Similarly in rabbits, no effect was noted on the survival of embryos transferred to recipients immunized against the embryo donors by skin grafting (Lannan, Herod & Fikrig, 1964). An increased rate of embryo and foetal mortality has been reported in pregnant rats after passive immunization with rabbit antisera to rat placenta and kidney (Brent, 1964(Brent, , 1967.…”

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confidence: 97%

Early Embryo Mortality in Heifers Isoimmunized With Semen and Conceptus

Menge¹

1969

Reproduction

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Isoimmunization of heifers by a single injection ofsemen and complete Freund's adjuvant up to 21 days after insemination resulted in a high incidence of early embryo loss. The heifers had a pregnancy rate of 11\m=.\8% and an incidence of delayed returns to oestrus of 41\m=.\3%.Only one of ten heifers immunized with semen had a fertilized ovum at slaughter after the second to fifth insemination. Pregnancy occurred in eight of ten control heifers immunized with seminal plasma after insemination. Heifers immunized with homologous conceptus material and adjuvant by repeated intra-uterine and intradermal injections required an average of 3\m=.\8inseminations per pregnancy. The infertility was apparently due to early embryo death. Isoimmunization with seminal plasma and immature testis, and the treatment of semen with antisera to conceptus and immature testis, had no effect on fertility in heifers.

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“…The mother can, however, be sensitized against her fetuses under experimental conditions. We (2) have carried out such studies, designed to test the ability of the fetus to survive in an immunologically hostile environment. Even under these conditions, the fetuses remain unharmed while in utero.…”

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confidence: 99%

Homograft Immunity in Pregnancy

Lanman

Herod

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The mammalian fetus affixed to the uterine wall in some ways resembles a homograft, but maternal homograft immunity even when specifically directed against her fetuses fails to destroy them. The placental barrier appears to be critical in protecting the fetus against maternal immunologic attack. In order to evaluate the means by which it affords protection, we have measured in rabbits the transfer of cytotoxic antibody from mother to fetus. When the offspring were not the specific targets for maternal antibody, we found titers of cytotoxic antibody in the newborn animals at or near maternal levels in 16 of 18 cases (89 per cent), demonstrating the ability of this antibody to cross the rabbit placenta. When the offspring were appropriate targets for antibody, however, 11 of 18 newborn animals (61 per cent) had no demonstrable titer. We believe that in these latter cases, antibody had become fixed to antigenic sites and thereby had been removed from the fetal circulation. There was, however, no evidence of harm to any of the fetuses, either in survival (as demonstrated in a previous study) or in spleen or thymus weights or peripheral leukocyte and mononuclear cell counts. Cytotoxic antibody appears to reach the embryo early in gestation, since we found antibody in 8-day-old blastocyst fluid in each of 2 trials. We conclude that the fetus neither receives nor requires protection against cytotoxic antibody, and believe that fetal protection against maternal homograft immunity is afforded by a placental barrier to maternal mononuclear leukocytes.

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Homograft immunity in pregnancy. Survival rates in rabbits born of ova transplanted into sensitized mothers

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL IMMUNITY ON THE SURVIVAL OF GOATxSHEEP HYBRID EMBRYOS

THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL IMMUNITY ON THE SURVIVAL OF GOATxSHEEP HYBRID EMBRYOS

Early Embryo Mortality in Heifers Isoimmunized With Semen and Conceptus

Homograft Immunity in Pregnancy

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