Homogentisic Acid:  A Phenolic Acid as a Marker of Strawberry-Tree (<i>Arbutus unedo</i>) Honey

Cabras, Paolo; Angioni, Alberto; Tuberoso, Carlo Ignazio Giovanni; Floris, Ignazio; Reniero, Fabiano; Guillou, Claude; Ghelli, Stefano

doi:10.1021/jf990141o

Cited by 87 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since hesperetin is more stable than methyl antranilate it was proposed as a complementary marker for Citrus honey. Homogentisic acid was proposed as a marker of Arbutus honey (Cabras et al, 1999).…”

Section: Phenolic Acids and Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review

2004

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Section: Phenolic Acids and Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review

2004

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“…This applies also to lime honey which does not contain o-and m-coumaric acid but instead 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and to lavender honey which contains gallic acid and caffeic acid (Dimitrova et al, 2007). As a marker for strawberry tree honey Cabras et al (1999) stated homogentisic acid. In addition to benzoic, phenylacetic and β-phenyllactic acid (Speer and Montag, 1984;Steeg and Montag, 1988b;Dimitrova et al, 2007) ellagic acid and abscisic acid were also described as indicators for heather honey (Soler et al, 1995;Ferreres et al, 1996).…”

Section: Article Published By Edp Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of phenolic acids and flavonoids in honeys by UPLC-MS

Trautvetter¹,

Koelling-Speer²,

Speer³

2009

Apidologie

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-Certain phenolic acids and flavonoids are described in the literature as marker substances for several unifloral honeys. As not all authors utilised the same methods for extraction and determination, there are remarkable discrepancies in the published data concerning these substances. Ethyl acetate extracts which, aside from phenolic acids, also contain flavonoids were analysed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). First, the mass spectra of 37 phenolic acids and flavonoids described in the literature were recorded. Consequently, sunflower honeys, lime honeys, clover honeys, rape honeys, and honeydew honeys were analysed in regard to these substances. By employing the ChromaLynx TM software, 34 of the 37 substances were identified quickly and clearly. By combining the retention time and the accurate molecular mass, it was even possible to identify several compounds which cannot be detected by diode array detection.flavonoids / honey / phenolic acids / Time of flight (TOF) / Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC)

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“…All 20 normal amino acids have been identified in various nectars (Baker and Baker, 1973). Other substances include organic acids (Baker and Baker, 1975), terpenes (Ecroyd et al, 1995), alkaloids (Deinzer et al, 1977), flavonoids (RodriguezArce and Diaz, 1992), glycosides (Roshchina and Roshchina, 1993), vitamins (Griebel and Hess, 1940), phenolics (Ferreres et al, 1996;Cabras et al, 1999), oils (Vogel, 1969), and five proteins, termed nectarins (Carter et al, 1999;Thornburg et al, 2003).…”

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Nectarin IV, a Potent Endoglucanase Inhibitor Secreted into the Nectar of Ornamental Tobacco Plants. Isolation, Cloning, and Characterization

et al. 2005

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We have isolated and characterized the Nectarin IV (NEC4) protein that accumulates in the nectar of ornamental tobacco plants (Nicotiana langsdorffii 3 Nicotiana sanderae var LxS8). This 60-kD protein has a blocked N terminus. Three tryptic peptides of the protein were isolated and sequenced using tandem mass spectroscopy. These unique peptides were found to be similar to the xyloglucan-specific fungal endoglucanase inhibitor protein (XEGIP) precursor in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and its homolog in potato (Solanum tuberosum). A pair of oligonucleotide primers was designed based on the potato and tomato sequences that were used to clone a 1,018-bp internal piece of nec4 cDNA from a stage 6 nectary cDNA library. The remaining portions of the cDNA were subsequently captured by 5# and 3# rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Complete sequencing of the nec4 cDNA demonstrated that it belonged to a large family of homologous proteins from a wide variety of angiosperms. Related proteins include foliage proteins and seed storage proteins. Based upon conserved identity with the wheat (Triticum aestivum) xylanase inhibitor TAXI-1, we were able to develop a protein model that showed that NEC4 contains additional amino acid loops that are not found in TAXI-1 and that glycosylation sites are surface exposed. Both these loops and sites of glycosylation are on the opposite face of the NEC4 molecule from the site that interacts with fungal hemicellulases, as indicated by homology to TAXI-I. NEC4 also contains a region homologous to the TAXI-1 knottin domain; however, a deletion in this domain restructures the disulfide bridges of this domain, resulting in a pseudoknottin domain. Inhibition assays were performed to determine whether purified NEC4 was able to inhibit fungal endoglucanases and xylanases. These studies showed that NEC4 was a very effective inhibitor of a family GH12 xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase with a K i of 0.35 nM. However, no inhibitory activity was observed against other family GH10 or GH11 xylanases. The patterns of expression of the NEC4 protein indicate that, while expressed in nectar at anthesis, it is most strongly expressed in the nectary gland after fertilization, indicating that inhibition of fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes may be more important after fertilization than before.Many higher plants have evolved unique strategies for successful fertilization and propagation that rely on animal-mediated pollen transfer. A metabolically rich nectar reward is one of the most important factors in this strategy. The attraction of these pollinators results in a more efficient transfer of pollen from flower to flower, increasing genetic out-crossing and fecundity. The nectar produced by most plants is a rich combination of substances, primarily Suc, Glc, and Fru. However, other carbohydrates occur in some nectars (Baker and Baker, 1981). All 20 normal amino acids have been identified in various nectars (Baker and Baker, 1973). Other substances include organic acids

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Homogentisic Acid: A Phenolic Acid as a Marker of Strawberry-Tree (Arbutus unedo) Honey

Cited by 87 publications

References 9 publications

Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review

Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review

Confirmation of phenolic acids and flavonoids in honeys by UPLC-MS

Nectarin IV, a Potent Endoglucanase Inhibitor Secreted into the Nectar of Ornamental Tobacco Plants. Isolation, Cloning, and Characterization

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