Homogenized Leaf Curing: II. Bright Tobacco

DeJong, D. W.; Lam, Jesse J.; Lowe, Robert H.; Yoder, Elmon E.; Tso, T. C.

doi:10.2478/cttr-2013-0362

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Homogenized leaf curing (HLC) is an experimental system for curing tobacco (3,4,15). Previous reports indicate that HLC has potential for the production of a less hazardous tobacco product (3) because the macerated tobacco leaf is more amenable to chemical treatment and/or fractionation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deproteinization Effects on Homogenized Leaf Cured (HLC) Products

Woodlief¹,

Lam²,

Chaplin³

et al. 1984

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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The HLC deproteinized product [depro] with 34 % of its original dry weight removed as heat precipitable protein fractions, shows a reduction in the levels of most of the cured product constituents and the major pyrolyzate constituents while the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile nitrosamines in the pyrolyzates from the HLC deproteinized product were increased. This indicates that the precursors of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolyzate from the HLC deproteinized product were not removed with the protein precipitates. Another possibility is that some constituents in the protein precipitates that were removed from the HLC deproteinized product may have had an inhibitory effect toward the formation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolyzates of the HLC control and flue-cured reference during their pyrolysis, since the protein precipitates were not removed from these products. Generally, the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolyzates of the HLC products were higher than those from the pyrolyzates of the flue-cured reference. This could be a result of the tobacco maturity or curing methods. The level of the volatile nitrosamines in the pyrolyzates of the HLC control was lower than those levels in the pyrolyzates of the HLC deproteinized and flue-cured reference products. This could be due to pyrolytic interaction between some constituents in the sample and the protein precipitate which was not removed from the HLC control product. Additional work is needed to clarify these differences. A reduction in the level of solanesol was evident in the HLC deproteinized product probably due to the association of solanesol with the chloroplastic protein precipitate that was removed from that product. In addition, the level of solanesol was highest in the flue-cured reference, which is in agreement with previous reports that solanesol concentration increases with tobacco maturity. This report demonstrates that HLC can be used to manipulate the chemical composition of tobacco. The levels of some major constituents were decreased while the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were increased in the pyrolyzate from the same tobacco product.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deproteinization Effects on Homogenized Leaf Cured (HLC) Products

Woodlief¹,

Lam²,

Chaplin³

et al. 1984

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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“…In contrast, close-grown tobacco is harvested in one pass over the field and stalks and leaves are cured either in a whole-plant or chopped-plant form. The material can also be cured by a pulping process called "homogenized leaf curing" (2). The dose-grown system thus offers the potential for full mechanization of tobacco production and a possible alternative to the use of synthetic smoking materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Close‐Grown Tobacco: Agronomic Characteristics, Total Alkaloid, and Sugar Content¹

Campbell¹,

Chaplin²,

Johnson³

et al. 1980

Agronomy Journal

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The development of synthetic smoking materials has prompted researchers to consider non‐conventional production methods as a means of producing a low cost, flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) material which might be used in the manufacture of cigarettes. In order to evaluate yield potential, chemical content, and physical characteristics of close‐grown tobacco, plants were grown in the field at populations of 45,448, 90,896, and 136,344/ha with different planting designs (twin or equidistant), nitrogen levels (84, 168, 252, and 336 kg/ha), and topping regimes (topping or no topping). The soil was a Durham loamy sand (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Hapudult). The entire plant was flue‐cured and separated into lamina, midrib, and stalk for yield and chemical analysis. A wide range of yield, chemical content, and physical characteristics of the harvested material was produced by manipulating various cultural practices. Topped plants averaged 26% lamina, 12% midrib, and 62% stalk as compared to 19% lamina, 10% midrib, 54% stalk, and 17% top material for plants not topped. Yields increased progressively with N‐rate through 252 kg/ha and/or increased plant population. Twin or equidistant row spacing had no effect on yield. Topping decreased whole‐plant yield but increased the concentration of alkaloids and reducing sugars and the lamina: stalk ratio. Total alkaloids ranged from 0.18% for wholeplant nontopped tobacco receiving 84 kg N/ha to 0.84% for topped plants receiving 336 kg N/ha. Total reducing sugars averaged 8.0 for nontopped and 9.6% for topped plants. Results indicate that high yields can be obtained by utilizing the close‐grown production system and harvesting the entire plant. Desirable chemical content and physical characteristics of close‐grown tobacco might be obtained by manipulating cultural practices.

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