“…The first method involves macroscopic models, in which the wall is assumed to be a single structural element characterized by a non linear response when it is exposed to shear forces [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,37]. These models, which are generally based on the use of homogenization techniques, usually take the properties of the materials and the bonding between the various components into account [24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35].…”