“…In Mandel notation represented by , where is a matrix and the input (output) field has components, the linear operator in elasticity , conduction (or dielectric) , piezoelectricity , and thermoelectricity become 6 6, 3 3, 9 9, and 6 6 symmetric matrices, respectively. Although most existing studies (Dunn and Taya, 1993;Huang and Kuo, 1996;Odegard, 2004;Duschlbauer et al, 2006;Martinez-Ayuso et al, 2017) utilize the Voigt notation, we adapt the Mandel notation here. For example, if we use the Voigt notation for a piezoelectric case, the linear operator matrix (which corresponds to the material properties) and the Eshelby matrix can be expressed as Eqs.…”