Homogeneous Quaternization of Cellulose in NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solutions as Gene Carriers

Abstract

Quaternized celluloses (QCs) were homogeneously synthesized by reacting cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) in NaOH/urea aqueous solutions. The structure and solution properties of the QCs were characterized by using elemental analysis, FTIR, (13)C NMR, SEC-LLS, viscometer, and zeta-potential measurement. The results revealed that water-soluble QCs, with a degree of substitution (DS) value of 0.20-0.63, could be obtained by adjusting the molar ratio of CHPTAC to anhydroglucose unit (AGU) of cellulose and the reaction time. The QC solutions in water displayed a typical polyelectrolyte behavior, and the intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) value determined from the Fuoss-Strauss method increased with increasing DS value. Moreover, two QC samples (DS = 0.46 and 0.63) were selected and studied as gene carriers. The results of gel retardation assay suggested that QCs could condense DNA efficiently. QCs displayed relatively lower cytotoxicity as compared with PEI, and QC/DNA complexes exhibited effective transfection compared to the naked DNA in 293T cells. The quaternized cellulose derivatives prepared in NaOH/urea aqueous solutions could be considered as promising nonviral gene carriers.

Utilização de hemiceluloses catiônicas, obtidas a partir do aproveitamento da palha de milho, associadas com tanino para o tratamento de efluentes de lavanderia industrial

“…Aliando estes fatos ao desenvolvimento de novos materiais utilizando matéria-prima renovável, neste trabalho é descrita a preparação de derivados catiônicos de hemicelulose a partir da palha de milho, visto que derivados catiônicos de celulose e amido já se mostraram promissores em diversas aplicações. 7,[15][16][17] Assim, a rota de síntese da hemicelulose catiônica baseou-se no trabalho de Ren et al, 6 que prepararam derivados catiônicos de hemicelulose de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar usando como reagente quaternizante o cloreto de 2,3-epoxipropiltrimetilamônio (ETA). Para a caracterização dos derivados catiônicos de hemicelulose obtidos da palha de milho empregou-se a análise elementar, análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e espectroscopia vibracional de absorção no infravermelho (FT-IR).…”

Remediation of Fluoride Laden Water by Complexation with Triethylamine Modified Maize Tassels

“…was referenced as the C-N stretching vibration (Kacurakova et al, 1994;Pal et al, 2005). Therefore, it can be concluded that the maize tassels were successfully quaternized (Song et al, 2008). Vol.…”

Preparation of Cationic CMP and Softwood Long Fibers as Strength-Enhancing Additive to CMP Pulp

“…[a] Alkali treatment of CHPTAC to produce EPTAC, [b] alkali treatment of cellulose to form alkoxide, and [c] cationization of alkali-treated cellulose with EPTAC according to Song et al (2008) After 20 min of kneading by hand, the bag that contained pulp fiber and the aqueous NaOH solution at room temperature, the EPTAC (alkalized CHPTAC) was added to the mixture and the container bag was sealed and placed in a water bath for 90 min at 50 °C. Meanwhile, the plastic bag was kneaded every 30 min to facilitate the cationisation reaction between the alkoxide on the cellulose and the EPTAC.…”

“…An alternative to EPTAC is the use of environmentally friendly and stable form of (trimethylammonium) propyl group as 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium-chloride (CHPTAC). The CHPTAC has successfully been used for the cationization of cellulose (Hashem et al 2003a,b;Song et al 2008), textile fibers (Liu et al 2007;Montazer et al 2007;Khalil-Abadet et al 2009), and other polysaccharides (Pal et al 2009;Prado et al 2011;Hashem et al 2013;Rashidi Jouybari 2012. Cationization affects the anionic surface charge density, which can settle the issues related to the repulsion and thereby increase the reactivity of the components used in papermaking (Schempp et al 1983;Gess et al 1989;Montplaisir et al 2006a).…”