Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Rare Earths with the Betaine—Betainium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquid System

Abstract

Several fundamental extraction parameters such as the kinetics and loading were studied for a new type of metal solvent extraction system with ionic liquids. The binary mixture of the ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and water shows thermomorphic behavior with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), which can be used to avoid the slower mass transfer due to the generally higher viscosity of ionic liquids. A less viscous homogeneous phase and mixing on a molecular scale are obtained when the mixture is heated up above 55 °C. The influence of the temperature, the heating and cooling times, were studied for the extraction of neodymium(III) with betaine. A plausible and equal extraction mechanism is proposed in bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, nitrate, and chloride media. After stripping of the metals from the ionic liquid phase, a higher recovery of the ionic liquid was obtained by salting-out of the ionic liquid fraction lost by dissolution in the aqueous phase. The change of the upper critical solution temperature by the addition of HCl or betaine was investigated. In addition, the viscosity was measured below and above the UCST as a function of the temperature.

Brette Pearl Spar Mable (BPSM): a potential recoverable catalyst as a renewable source of biodiesel from Thevetia peruviana seed oil for the benefit of sustainable development in West Africa

“…Prior to the transesterification, oils were usually extracted from oil seeds through various methods such as mechanical [6][7][8], pressurized solvent extraction [9], soxhlet extraction [10], ultrasonic extraction [11,12], aqueous enzymatic oil extraction (AEOE) [13,14], stirring and shaking extraction [15] to mention a few. These methods have been reported to be used for the extraction of vegetable oils and other plant essential components, each with intrinsic advantages and shortcomings [16].…”

Interactions between trivalent rare earth oxides and mixed [Hbet][Tf2N]:H2O systems in the development of a one-step process for the separation of light from heavy rare earth elements

“…that can be adjusted by varying either the anion or the cation to achieve applications that are credible alternatives to conventional solvents for the extraction, separation and purification of metals and metal oxides [5][6][7][8][9][10]. A series of publications from Binneman's and Nockemann's research groups [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16] using betaine as an extractant [12,13], and in the recovery of europium (Eu) and yttrium (Y) from lamp phosphor waste powders [14]. The solubility of the rare earth oxides in…”

Mathematical modelling of neodymium, terbium and dysprosium solvent extraction from chloride media using methyl-tri(octyl/decyl)ammonium oleate ionic liquid as extractant

“…A distinction was made between extraction of REEs by ionic exchange (Rout and Binnemans, 2015) and by solvation (Aba et al, 2011;Rout et al, 2013;Vander Hoogerstraete et al, 2013;Kubota et al, 2011), since both mechanisms have been depicted in the literature. The proposed equilibria equations assume that there can be just one Meorganic species in the organic phase, meaning that extraction of several metal species simultaneously does not occur.…”