Homogeneous composites of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and minerals. 2. Properties

Howard, Edward G.; Glazar, Barbara L.; Collette, John W.

doi:10.1021/i300003a003

Cited by 38 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Other ways of producing catalytic systems are possible, too, for example, it was shown possible to prepare PE with a filler-catalyst made by applying organic compounds and hydrides of Ti, Cr, Zn onto natural alumosilicates and active in the absence of an organo-atuminum co-catalyst [283]. In [284] it was shown that calcined kaolin exhibited catalytic activity in polyethylene polymerization thanks to the presence of Tit2.…”

Section: Preparation Of Polymerization-filled Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Enikolopyan

Fridman

Stal'nova

et al. 1990

Filled Polymers I Science and Technology

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In this review the wide spectrum of properties of filled polymer systems is generalized. Classical and modern conceptions dealing with the influence of the boundary layer and filler on melting and crystallization of the polymer matrix. Polymer properties in the melted and condensed state are considered, attention being given to the influence of the filler particle size and shape, the nature of its surface, its structure, and agglomeration on the theological and mechanical characteristics of composites.Data on structure and properties of filled thermoplastic composites are summarized for the first time. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of composites with modified polymerized filler behavior during rheological and mechanical testing and processing of such composites. IntroductionPolymeric composite materials (PCM) belong to one of the most important classes of structural materials attracting ever growing interest, as manifested by the huge flow of published scientific and technical information dealing with the problems of developing, preparing, processing and using PCM [1]. Whereas the oil and gas fuel crisis has receded recently, the problem of their restrained use still remains an urgent one if only because the oil and gas reserves are not unlimited and practically non-reproducible. Estimates by specialists have shown [2,3] that the development of PCM with a view to cut the consumption of polymeric materials can only be economically feasible if not less than 15% by volume of the filler are added.Waste products from a number of commercial processes can be used as cheap and readily available fillers for PCM. For example, lightweight structural materials may be obtained by filling various low-viscous resins with waste materials [4,5]. Also by adding fillers to reprocessed polymers it is possible to improve their properties considerably and thus return them to service [6]. This method of waste utilization is not only economically feasible but also serves an ecological purpose, since it will help to protect the environment from contamination. The maximum percentage of the filler should in these cases be such as to assure reliable service of the article made from the PCM under specified conditions for a specified period of time.However, the chief purpose of introduction of fillers into PCM is to make possible the modification of polymers and thereby create materials with a prescribed set of physico-mechanical properties, and, obviously, the properties of filled materials may be controlled by, for example, varying the type of the base polymer (the "matrix") and filler, its particle size distribution and shape. It may not require a large quantity of filler [7]. Thanks to considerable advances in PCM research, their use in a broad range of industries -machine building, construction, aerospace technology, etc. -has become extensive [8][9][10][11].Development of an assortment of polymeric composite materials, decSsions concerning their possible scope of applicability and service conditions involve research in...

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Section: Preparation Of Polymerization-filled Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Enikolopyan

Fridman

Stal'nova

et al. 1990

Filled Polymers I Science and Technology

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“…Commonly, blends of pure and modified polyolefin are used as matrixes. In such a way, the efficiency is driven by the diffusion of the functionalized polymers to the free surface. , Recently, to obtain highly filled polyolefins, different authors proposed to synthesize by a catalysis polymerization the polymer from the filler surface by adsorbing the Ziegler−Natta catalyst on the filler. , Nevertheless, even if a better adhesion was noticed from the observance of fractured surfaces of filled polymers, the interactions between the filler and the polyolefin remains low and the method cannot be used in most of the cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Length of Tethered Chains and the Interphase Structure on Adhesion between Glass and Polyethylene

et al. 1998

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The adhesion between glass and polyethylene (high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or low-density polyethylene (LDPE)) was improved by means of polyethylene chains grafted on the glass surface. Chlorosilane-terminated polyethylene (PE) with different molar masses were synthesized in order to obtain (i) semicrystalline polymers able or not to crystallize with the free chains of the polyethylenes matrices and ( ii) polymer chains which could react with the silanol groups from the glass surface. The grafting of alkylchlorosilanes (alkyl chain length varying from C4H9 to C30H61) was considered in comparison to the polymer chains. The adhesion developed at the polyethylene/glass interface was studied as a function of the molar mass of functionalized-polyethylene grafted on the glass surface. For that purpose, the asymmetric double cantilever beam test was used to determine the fracture energy, G i, of the interface. On both high-density and low-density polyethylene/glass joints, the fracture energy of the interface, G i, was found to increase with the length of the interfacial connecting chains. The locus of the failure was studied by means of wettability measurements and atomic force microscopy analysis of the surfaces after separation. The higher values of the fracture energy of the interface with HDPE can be explained by a better compatibility of the tethered-PE chains with the free chains of the PE matrix which are more linear than LDPE. It was demonstrated that for the shortest chains (alkylchlorosilanes), the connectors were extracted from the bulk PE (LDPE or HDPE) whereas for the polymeric chains, a cohesive failure occurred for the glass/HDPE interfaces. Such a study can be used to design the connecting polymeric chains for improving the adhesion between glass and a semicrystalline polymer.

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“…An effective way of producing 'isotropic composites' is to use randomly oriented short reinforcing fibers. For polyolefins, a polymerizationfilled technique provides an effective way to improve the mechanical properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . Preparation of polymerization-filled composites consists of 1) fixing a Ziegler-Natta (or metallocene) catalyst on the surface of the reinforcing agent and 2) monomer polymerization (olefins) from the supported catalyst on the surface of the reinforcing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several advantages of the polymerization filled technique: 1) more uniform distribution of filler throughout the polymer, and 2) optimum opportunity for the polymer to wet and to be adsorbed on the filler surface. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In a previous study 14 , short fiber composites were prepared using two techniques: polymerization filled composites (PFC) and melt blended composites (MBC). The fiber aspect ratio distribution, break strain, critical aspect ratios and Young's modulus of the composites were carefully analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Processing on Ductility and Strength of Kevlar/Polyethylene Composites

Zhang

Rodrigue

Aı̈t-Kadi

2004

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Polymerization-filled composites (PFC) and melt-blended composites (MBC) were prepared to compare their mechanical properties. Improved ductility was obtained for PFC resulting from better fiber-polymer interfacial adhesion. On the other hand, ductility decreased upon increasing fiber content and strain rate, while normalized strengths were almost unchanged. This indicates that matrix and composites have similar responses to strain rate. Tensile strengths were compared with several modified models to include the effect of critical fiber aspect ratio. It was found that the numerical integration model with perfect interfacial bond in combination with Rosen's method for the critical fiber aspect ratio gave the best predictions among all the models tested. The results clearly show that the preparation technique has an effect on tensile strength of composites in relation with fiber distribution and interfacial adhesion.

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Homogeneous composites of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and minerals. 2. Properties

Cited by 38 publications

References 1 publication

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Filled polymers: Mechanical properties and processability

Effect of the Length of Tethered Chains and the Interphase Structure on Adhesion between Glass and Polyethylene

Effect of Processing on Ductility and Strength of Kevlar/Polyethylene Composites

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