Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide: Ethylene Glycol and Ethanol from Synthesis Gas

Dombek, B. Duane

doi:10.1016/s0360-0564(08)60443-5

Cited by 117 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…That container material was chosen because it was used with apparent success by Gordon and Kaufmann. 15 We found a very sharp eutectic peak in our DTA curve at the same temperature as had been reported in the literature (725 ° C), 17 but we observed that the initial liquidus temperature was quite high compared with the estimated liquidus and, more importantly, increased as the sample underwent heating/cooling cycles. After considerable work with this container material, we changed to a yttria DTA crucible (because of its greater stability at high temperatures) and prepaied a new alloy sample of the same composition.…”

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confidence: 87%

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Chemical Technology Division annual technical report 1989

1990

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A major purpose of the Technical Information Center is to provide the broadest dissemination possible of information contained in DOE's Research and Development Reports to business, industry, the academic community, and federal, state and local governments.Although a small portion of this report is not reproducible, it is being made available to expedite the availability of information on the research discussed herein. 101 4. Waste Treatment Processes 104 D. Plutonium Residue Recovery 109 V. APPLIED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 113 A. Fission Product Release from Core-Concrete Melts 113 1. Experimental Methods 113 2. Calculational Methods 114 3. Results and Discussion 115 4. Conclusions 118 IVExperimental effort is also underway to investigate the effect of ionizing radiation on the potential for gas generation in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site. In this report period, experiments were initiated to determine the extent that nonbiodegradable plastics present in the WIPP waste canister will be radiolytically converted to biodegradable material.Integral Fast Reactor Pyrochemical Process. The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) is an advanced reactor concept proposed by, and under development at, Argonne. One of its distinguishing features is an "integral" fuel cycle in which the discharged reactor core and blanket materials are processed and fabricated into new fuel elements in an on-site facility. The CMT Division has the responsibility for developing the on-site process for recovering plutonium and uranium from the core and blanket, removing fission products, reenriching the core alloy with plutonium bred in the blanket, and immobilizing fission product wastes in suitable media for disposal.The reference process for initial operation of the electrorefiner in the fuel cycle facility utilizes anodic dissolution of spent binary fuel (U-10 wf % Zr) in a molten chloride electrolyte salt and collection of uranium products on a solid cathode. The anodic dissolution of binary fuel has been successfully demonstrated at the 10 kg per batch level and is now a routine operation. In addition, both single mandrel and multipin solid cathodes have been successfully used to deposit uranium at the 10 kg per batch level. Experimental research efforts included determination of parameters that control deposition rate, transport efficiency, and product composition. Additional experiments demonstrated the feasibility of using a liquid cadmium cathode for collecting a U-Pu product. Also, development work on an alternative method (direct chemical reduction) for collecting a U-Pu product was initiated. This method employs a lithium reductaut to reduce PuCl 3 and UC1 3 out of the molten electrolyte and deposit the metal in the cadmium pool. Results of four experiments, with varying degrees of success, have demonstrated the potential of this method. F v pertinents have been conducted to demonstrate purification and consolidation of liquid cadmium cathode products. The starting compositions for these experiments were selected to simulate the expect...

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confidence: 87%

“…Earlier, this process was demonstrated for the dendritic uranium deposits. 15 Experiments conducted to demonstrate purification and consolidation of liquid cadmium cathode products are described below. A major question to be answered was whether or not the PuCd 6 intermetallic compound could be decomposed by retorting.…”

Section: Process Development Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Technology Division annual technical report 1989

1990

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“…Dombek of UCC collates the related researches on the synthesis of EG from syngas before 1983, including many patents published by UCC. [61] However, almost all of these researches are carried out under extreme high pressure. Only a few were carried out below 500 atm, but the selectivity of ethylene glycol was less than 20 % and the turnover frequencies are almost all very low below 500 atm.…”

Section: Development Of Direct Synthesis Of Ethylene Glycolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol from Syngas

Sun

Chai

2022

ChemistrySelect

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After decades of development, the reaction conditions for direct synthesis of ethylene glycol (EG) from syngas are still very harsh. The reason for the severe conditions of direct synthesis of EG is revealed by thermodynamic analysis. This review analyzed the reason why all the current studies on direct synthesis of EG from syngas are homogeneous synthesis. Through the evidence of other related studies and the exploration of reaction mechanism, some suggestions for the further investigation of direct synthesis of EG are also put forward. We also summarizes the progress of direct synthesis of EG from syngas in the past decades, and details the current development status. The catalysts, promoters and reaction conditions used for direct synthesis of EG are sorted out.

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“…Experimentally, the hydrogenation and hydrolysis of CO without the assistance of any catalyst are difficult to achieve. Thus, a variety of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic processes have been adopted till date to convert CO containing gases (syn‐gas and water‐gas) into the aforementioned organic molecules. In 1921, Patart first reported the synthesis of methanol from CO and H 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Understanding of Bi‐functional Behavior of PNP‐Pincer Complexes Towards the Conversion of CO into Methanol and CO₂: A DFT Approach

2019

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The conversion mechanisms of CO into methanol through hydrogenation and CO 2 through hydrolysis catalyzed by (PNP) RuH 2 CO (1) pincer complex have been explored employing density functional theory (DFT). For both the reactions, we have identified two pathways. In pathway-I, at first the CO takes part in the reaction by interacting with the Ru-center of pincer complex and after that the H 2 /H 2 O molecule participates in the reaction, whereas in pathway-II, the generation of hydrogenated/hydrolyzed pincer from initial pincer via the assistance of H 2 or H 2 O molecule occurs first, followed by the reaction with CO. In case of hydrogenation, for both the pathways, CO is first converted to HCHO through hydrogenation which further undergoes hydrogenation to form methanol. In pathway-I, the reaction of HCHO with H 2 in presence of dehydrogenated pincer leads to produce methanol, whereas for pathway-II the hydrogenated pincer formed at the beginning of this pathway carries out the aforementioned conversion. Further in presence of methanol, CO is catalytically converted to methyl formate. On the other hand, in case of hydrolysis, the conversion of CO to CO 2 can be achieved in two ways, where 2 nd step, i. e. formic acid to CO 2 via formate ion formation follows similar mechanism for both the pathways. Overall, from our study it is revealed that the Rupincer complex acts as a promising homogeneous catalyst for converting CO to various organic chemical commodities.

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Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide: Ethylene Glycol and Ethanol from Synthesis Gas

Cited by 117 publications

References 116 publications

Chemical Technology Division annual technical report 1989

Chemical Technology Division annual technical report 1989

Direct Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol from Syngas

Comprehensive Understanding of Bi‐functional Behavior of PNP‐Pincer Complexes Towards the Conversion of CO into Methanol and CO₂: A DFT Approach

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Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide: Ethylene Glycol and Ethanol from Synthesis Gas

Cited by 117 publications

References 116 publications

Chemical Technology Division annual technical report 1989

Chemical Technology Division annual technical report 1989

Direct Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol from Syngas

Comprehensive Understanding of Bi‐functional Behavior of PNP‐Pincer Complexes Towards the Conversion of CO into Methanol and CO2: A DFT Approach

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Product

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Comprehensive Understanding of Bi‐functional Behavior of PNP‐Pincer Complexes Towards the Conversion of CO into Methanol and CO₂: A DFT Approach