Homogeneous and heterogeneous risk and prognostic factors for lung metastasis in colorectal cancer patients

Abstract

Background The lung is one of the most frequent distant metastasis sites in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients; however, lung metastasis risk and prognostic factors have not been comprehensively elucidated. This study aimed to identify the homogeneous and heterogeneous lung metastasis risk and prognostic factors in CRC patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods CRC patients registered in the SEER database between 2010 and 2016 were included to analyse risk factors for developing lung metastasis by using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were selected to investigate prognostic factors for lung metastasis by conducting Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate overall survival outcomes. Results A total of 10,598 (5.2%) patients with synchronous lung metastasis were diagnosed among 203,138 patients with CRC. The median survival time of patients with lung metastasis was 10.0 months (95% CI 9.6–10.5 months). Older age, unmarried status, uninsured status, poor histological differentiation, more lymphatic metastasis, CEA positivity, liver metastasis, bone metastasis and brain metastasis were lung metastasis risk and prognostic factors. Black patients and those with left colon, rectum, and stage T4 disease were more likely to develop lung metastasis, while patients with right colon cancer and no surgical treatment of the primary tumour had poor survival outcomes. Conclusion The incidence of lung metastasis in CRC patients was 5.2%. CRC patients with lung metastasis exhibited homogeneous and heterogeneous risk and prognostic factors. These results are helpful for clinical evaluation and individual treatment decision making.

Construction and validation of a nomogram for cancer specific survival of postoperative pancreatic cancer based on the SEER and China database

“…Several studies have consistently demonstrated that factors such as advanced age, elevated histological grade, and larger tumor size exhibit a negative correlation with long-term survival outcomes [ 8 , 18 , 19 ]. In our investigation, the findings underscore a significant disparity in survival rates between patients who underwent surgical treatment and those who did not.…”

“…Our study revealed a lower survival rate among patients aged 70 years and older. This age-related discrepancy in survival rates may be associated with compromised immunity and physical deterioration commonly observed in elderly patients [ 18 , 19 , 31 ].…”

Correction: Homogeneous and heterogeneous risk and prognostic factors for lung metastasis in colorectal cancer patients

“…After publication of this article [ 1 ], the authors reported that in this article there is a superfluous line in Fig.¬† 1 ; the figure should have appeared as shown below.

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