Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Gold Catalysis for Materials Science

Abstract

Often stoichiometric amounts of gold find use in materials science; occasionally gold is even used as a support. This review discusses the contributions of gold catalysis, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, to the field of materials science. One topic is the synthesis of polymers, including nanowires and polyesters, the postcyclization of polymers, polymerization by cyclopropanation, and gold-catalyzed radical polymerization reactions. Other topics are dyes, phosphonium salts, and a wide range of extended conjugated π-systems, the latter ranging from acenes, pentalene derivatives, and different heterocyclic π-systems to fascinating applications in the synthesis of helical anellated aromatic molecules. The existing contributions clearly demonstrate the potential of gold catalysis for significant future impulses for the field of materials science.

Synthesis and characterization of novel hercynite@sulfuric acid and its catalytic applications in the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones

“…22,[24][25][26][27] There are numerous organic and inorganic homogeneous materials, which act as the Lewis or Brønsted-Lowry acids and are efficient in organic reactions. [28][29][30][31][32] On the other hand, in recent years, there has been developed a great interest in using heterogeneous (solid) acid catalysts instead of those homogeneous ones, due to their possible recovery and recycling solids, which results in reducing the environmental impact. 5,6,22 Some applications of solid acids in organic synthesis have been reviewed by Niknam et al in 2020.…”

Catalytic Gold Chemistry: From Simple Salts to Complexes for Regioselective C−H Bond Functionalization

“…On the other hand, the propensity of gold catalysts to activate π‐bonded systems has created opportunities to discover numerous hitherto unknown organic reactions [6–34] . Gold catalysis in organic reactions has been generally understood and simplified through the concepts of frontier orbitals, relativistic effects, and π‐Lewis acidity [35–37] .…”

Probing the electronic structure and Au–C bonding in AuC2nH (n = 4–7) using photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations

“…10 In particular, homogeneous gold catalysis has been increasingly investigated in organic synthesis. 11,12 The properties of gold carbide clusters and nanoparticles have been investigated for many years due to their interesting physical and chemical properties and they are used as basic models for a variety of catalytic reaction processes. 13 A fundamental study of gold–carbon bonding is of great significance to understand the catalytic mechanisms.…”