Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyzed three-step synthesis of 2-ethylheptanoic acid from carbon dioxide, butadiene and hydrogen

Telomerization of 1,3‐Butadiene with Carbon Dioxide: A Highly Efficient Process for δ‐Lactone Generation

“…Subsequently, an intensive investigation of catalysts for this reaction demonstrated that systems constituted by Pd associated with phosphines as ligands led to the best selectivities to the valuable δ‐lactone 3‐ethylidene‐6‐vinyltetrahydro‐2 H ‐pyran‐2‐one ( 1 ). This lactone presents a number of synthetic applications in reactions such as hydroformylation, hydroamination, hydroaminomethylation, and hydrogenation (Scheme ), which lead to many different products such as saturated and unsaturated diols as well as unsaturated hydroxyacids, with a possible use as monomers in the polymer industry …”

Preparation and application of air-stable P,N-bidentate ligands for the selective synthesis of δ-lactone via the palladium-catalyzed telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with carbon dioxide

“…1-(2-Bromophenyl)piperidine (BPPP), 4-(2-bromophenyl)morpholine (BPMP), (2-bromophenyl)diphenylphosphine (BDPP), PdCl 2 (MeCN) 2 , Pd(acac) 2 , and 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine were prepared according to previous reports [23e27]. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Pd 2 (dba) 3 ; 98.5%) was purchased from the Shanghai Zealandchem Co., Ltd., China. Pd diacetate (Pd(OAc) 2 ; trimer, 99.5%) was purchased from the Tianjin Jinbolan Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., China.…”

Activation of Carbon Dioxide

“…4 Detailed studies have shown that 2-ethylheptanol is readily available from the d-lactone (i.e., from CO 2 and 1,3-butadiene) (Scheme 6.18) and can be further converted to di(2-ethylheptyl)phthalate, a possible substitute for the toxic plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. 93,94 Telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with CO 2 has been thoroughly studied under conditions of a miniplant. 91,92 Although acetonitrile and linear carbonates (EC, PC) SCHEME 6.17 Telomerization of CO 2 and butadiene.…”