Homocysteine metabolism and its relation to health and disease

Williams, Kelly T.; Schalinske, Kevin L.

doi:10.1002/biof.71

Cited by 99 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…27 This means that the methylation of both endogenous and exogenous methyl consumers provides the dominant source of plasma homocysteine. Although guanidinoacetate and phosphatidylethanolamine are known to be two major endogenous methyl consumers used to synthesize creatine and phosphatidylcholine, respectively, 28 there is no evidence of increase in the level of guanidinoacetate or phosphatidylethanolamine in metabolic syndrome or its related diseases. In contrast, increased exogenous methyl consumers, such as niacin, 26,29,30 levodopa 31 and arsenic, 32 may contribute to elevated plasma homocysteine levels.…”

Section: Pi+ Ppimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary methyl-consuming compounds and metabolic syndrome

Zhou

et al. 2011

Hypertens Res

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The metabolic syndrome, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Although systemic oxidative stress and aberrant methylation status are known to have important roles in the development of metabolic syndrome, how they occur remains unclear. The metabolism of methyl-consuming compounds generates reactive oxygen species and consumes labile methyl groups; therefore, a chronic increase in the levels of methyl-consuming compounds in the body can induce not only oxidative stress and subsequent tissue injury, but also methyl-group pool depletion and subsequent aberrant methylation status. In the past few decades, the intake amount of methyl-consuming compounds has substantially increased primarily due to pollution, food additives, niacin fortification and high meat consumption. Thus, increased methyl consumers might have a causal role in the development and prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related diseases. Moreover, factors that decrease the elimination/ metabolism of methyl-consuming compounds and other xenobiotics (for example, sweat gland inactivity and decreased liver function) or increase the generation of endogenous methyl-consuming compounds (for example, mental stress-induced increase in catecholamine release) may accelerate the progression of metabolic syndrome. Based on current nutrition knowledge and the available evidence from epidemiological, ecological, clinical and laboratory studies on metabolic syndrome and its related diseases, this review outlines the relationship between methyl supply-consumption imbalance and metabolic syndrome, and proposes a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis and prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related diseases.

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Section: Pi+ Ppimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary methyl-consuming compounds and metabolic syndrome

Zhou

et al. 2011

Hypertens Res

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“…An emerging aspect of homocysteine metabolism is its relation to health and disease [1]. Perturbations of homocysteine metabolism, particularly intracellular, and subsequently circulating accumulation of homocysteine, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perturbations of homocysteine metabolism, particularly intracellular, and subsequently circulating accumulation of homocysteine, i.e. hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), are associated with vascular disease risk as well as other pathologies, and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1,2]. Moreover, in type 2 diabetes (T2D), hHcy is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homocysteine, cysteine, folate and vitamin B12 status in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease

Pastore

Noce²,

Giovamberardino

et al. 2014

J Nephrol

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Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) is a risk\ud factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).\ud In type 2 diabetes (T2D), hHcy is strongly associated with\ud increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin B12 and\ud folic acid supplementation have been reported to lower\ud homocysteine (tHcy) levels, but no data on plasma tHcy,\ud cysteine (Cys), folate and vitamin B12 levels in T2D-CKD\ud patients are reported.\ud Procedures tHcy and Cys levels were analyzed in 178\ud T2D-CKD patients by high performance liquid chromatography\ud (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. In addition,\ud we determined folate and vitamin B12 levels using a\ud chemiluminescence method.\ud Results tHcy and Cys levels were increased in T2D\ud patients, and this rise positively correlated with the CKD\ud stage (P\0.001). Folate levels were comparable to controls\ud at various CKD stages, whereas vitamin B12 levels\ud were lower, except at stage IV. We did not find any\ud correlation between B-vitamins and levels of tHcy and Cys,\ud regardless of the CKD stage.\ud Conclusions This is the first study reporting tHcy, Cys\ud and B-vitamins status in T2D-CKD patients. Although\ud limited to our cohort of 178 patients, our findings could be\ud helpful in clarifying the conflicting literature regarding\ud B-vitamins supplementation. Further studies are necessary\ud before any Hcy-lowering therapy can be safely established\ud in T2D-CKD subjects

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“…There are two crucial factors which have an effect on the reduction of homocysteine; these are the suffi cient consumption and adequate nutritional status in relation to folates [Williams & Schalinske, 2010]. The literature describes several experiments which proved an increased Hcy level in serum due to diet supplementation with methionine [Liu et al, 2013;Sharma et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High Methionine and Folic Acid Diet on The Level of Homocysteine and Lipid Profile in Experimental Rats

Bieżanowska-Kopeć

Leszczyńska

2017

Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to reduce the level of homocysteine (Hcy) by high-methionine dietary supplementation of folic acid and to evaluate changes in lipid parameters in blood serum of experimental rats.The animals were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6, male), and were fed seven different diets for 52 days. The rodents were fed with the AIN-93G semi-synthetic diet (group I), supplemented with 32 g of methionine/kg diet (group II), whereas groups III-VII were fed with AIN-93G semi-synthetic diet supplemented with 32 g of methionine/kg diet and 2, 4, 8, 18 and 28 g of folic acid/kg diet, respectively. Contents of of homocysteine, total cholesterol level, HDL fraction and triacylglycerols were assessed enzymatically in rats serum. In addition, the LDL+VLDL cholesterol content was calculated.Folic acid content in the diet was found to be highly negatively correlated with homocysteine content (r=-0.95) and negatively correlated with triacylglycerols content (r=-0.94) in the serum of rats. In the serum of rats which were fed the methionine diet with the highest-folic acid supplementation (28 mg folic acid/kg diet), homocysteine and triglyceride contents were signifi cantly lower, compared to animals fed other types of experimental diets. Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/11/18 12:12 PM

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Homocysteine metabolism and its relation to health and disease

Cited by 99 publications

References 76 publications

Dietary methyl-consuming compounds and metabolic syndrome

Dietary methyl-consuming compounds and metabolic syndrome

Homocysteine, cysteine, folate and vitamin B12 status in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease

Effect of High Methionine and Folic Acid Diet on The Level of Homocysteine and Lipid Profile in Experimental Rats

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