Homocysteine and Related B Vitamins in Pre-diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus

Mutavdzin, Slavica; Djuric, Dragan

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47336-5_17

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that folic acid supplementation may inhibit the proinflammatory process by inhibiting NF-kB activation [ 77 , 78 ]. Finally, folate-deficiency-induced homocysteinemia may have resulted in glycemic disorders [ 79 , 80 , 81 ]. Even earlier stages of folate deficiency are expressed by rising homocysteine concentrations, which appear at higher folic acid intakes [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic Acid Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control for Diabetes Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2021

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Background: There is a growing interest in the considerable benefits of dietary supplementations, such as folic acid, on the glycemic profile. We aimed to investigate the effects of folic acid supplementation on glycemic control markers in adults. Methods: Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of folic acid supplementation on glycemic control markers published up to March 2021 were detected by searching online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI web of science, using a combination of related keywords. Mean change and standard deviation (SD) of the outcome measures were used to estimate the mean difference between the intervention and control groups at follow-up. Meta-regression and non-linear dose-response analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between pooled effect size and folic acid dosage (mg/day) and duration of the intervention (week). From 1814 detected studies, twenty-four studies reported fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) as an outcome measure. Results: Results revealed significant reductions in FBG (weighted mean difference (WMD): −2.17 mg/dL, 95% CI: −3.69, −0.65, p = 0.005), fasting insulin (WMD: −1.63 pmol/L, 95% CI: −2.53, −0.73, p < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (WMD: −0.40, 95% CI: −0.70, −0.09, p = 0.011) following folic acid supplementation. No significant effect was detected for HbA1C (WMD: −0.27%, 95% CI: −0.73, 0.18, p = 0.246). The dose-response analysis showed that folic acid supplementation significantly changed HOMA-IR (r = −1.30, p-nonlinearity = 0.045) in non-linear fashion. However, meta-regression analysis did not indicate a linear relationship between dose, duration, and absolute changes in FBG, HOMA-IR, and fasting insulin concentrations. Conclusions: Folic acid supplementation significantly reduces some markers of glycemic control in adults. These reductions were small, which may limit clinical applications for adults with type II diabetes. Further research is necessary to confirm our findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folic Acid Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control for Diabetes Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2021

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“…An amino acid called homocysteine, which is involved in many metabolic processes, has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and may be more common in prediabetic individuals [255]. It is well recognized that homocysteine contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases [256].…”

Section: Homocysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Putative Causal Relationships between Blood-Based Biomarkers and Prediabetes-Induced Senescence: A Comprehensive Review

Mbatha,

Mushebenge,

Khathi

2024

Physiologia

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Prediabetes, a pivotal phase in glucose metabolism between normalcy and diabetes, exerts a profound influence on the aging process and the risk of age-related diseases. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate web of blood-based biomarkers that collectively expedite senescence, marking the transition from a state of health to age-related complications. Key findings underscore the significance of diverse biomarkers, such as telomere length, p16INK4a, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, DNA methylation clocks, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, circulating hormones, and additional factors such as folate, B12, and osteocalcin. Not only do these biomarkers serve as indicators of senescence but they also actively fuel chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation, all of which contribute to accelerated aging. The implications of this understanding are profound, as prediabetes emerges as a critical period in an individual’s life, influencing various physiological systems, including the vascular and neural systems, metabolic functions, hormonal regulation, and bone health. Recognizing the profound influence of prediabetes on senescence provides a foundation for personalized intervention strategies to mitigate age-related complications and promote healthy aging. Future research directions call for a more diverse array of biomarkers, the in-depth exploration of their roles, and the development of tailored precision medicine strategies to ensure a holistic understanding and effective management of prediabetes-induced senescence and its implications for aging. This knowledge has far-reaching implications for public health and clinical practice, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention in prediabetic individuals to enhance the quality of life in an aging population with diverse needs.

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“…7.3.11. Homocysteine: An amino acid called homocysteine, which is involved in a number of metabolic processes, has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and may be more common in people who are prediabetic [251]. It is well recognized that homocysteine contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases [252].…”

Section: Role Of Biomarkers In Metabolic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well recognized that homocysteine contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases [252]. Elevated homocysteine levels in prediabetes can be caused by metabolic abnormalities as well as changes in folate and vitamin B12 levels [251]. This homocysteine increase can exacerbate oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, two conditions that hasten the vascular system's aging process [251].…”

Section: Role Of Biomarkers In Metabolic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated homocysteine levels in prediabetes can be caused by metabolic abnormalities as well as changes in folate and vitamin B12 levels [251]. This homocysteine increase can exacerbate oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, two conditions that hasten the vascular system's aging process [251]. Recognizing the age-related implications of prediabetes, especially with regard to the vascular system, requires an understanding of the relationship between elevated homocysteine levels, cardiovascular risk, and the condition [253].…”

Section: Role Of Biomarkers In Metabolic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Putative Causal Relationships Between Blood-Based Biomarkers and Prediabetes-Induced Senescence: A Comprehensive Review

Mbatha,

Mushebenge,

Khathi

2023

Preprint

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Prediabetes, a pivotal phase in glucose metabolism between normalcy and diabetes, exerts a profound influence on the aging process and the risk of age-related diseases. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate web of blood-based biomarkers that collectively expedite senescence, marking the transition from a state of health to age-related complications. Key findings underscore the significance of diverse biomarkers, such as telomere length, p16INK4a, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, DNA methylation clocks, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, circulating hormones, and additional factors like folate, B12, osteocalcin, and more. Not only do these biomarkers serve as indicators of senescence, but they actively fuel chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation, all of which contribute to accelerated aging. The implications of this understanding are profound, as prediabetes emerges as a critical period in an individual's life, influencing various physiological systems, including the vascular and neural systems, metabolic functions, hormonal regulation, and bone health. Recognizing the profound influence of prediabetes on senescence provides a foundation for personalized intervention strategies to mitigate age-related complications and promote healthy aging. Future research directions call for a more diverse array of biomarkers, in-depth exploration of their roles, and the development of tailored precision medicine strategies to ensure a holistic understanding and effective management of prediabetes-induced senescence and its implications for aging. This knowledge has far-reaching implications for public health and clinical practice, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention in prediabetic individuals to enhance the quality of life in an aging population with diverse needs.

show abstract

Homocysteine and Related B Vitamins in Pre-diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 4 publications

References 166 publications

Folic Acid Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control for Diabetes Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Folic Acid Supplementation Improves Glycemic Control for Diabetes Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Identification of Putative Causal Relationships between Blood-Based Biomarkers and Prediabetes-Induced Senescence: A Comprehensive Review

Identification of Putative Causal Relationships Between Blood-Based Biomarkers and Prediabetes-Induced Senescence: A Comprehensive Review

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